crime在法律英语中通常做名词,译为“罪”,“犯罪”。
例A crime of violence is an act committed against the life or health of a person which is punishable under the criminal procedure and as a result of which the injured person dies, sustains serious damages to his or her health, or sustains a health disorder lasting for at least six months.
【参考译文】暴力犯罪是针对人的生命和健康实施的,可根据刑事诉讼予以惩罚的,因此造成受伤害的人死亡,健康严重受损或健康紊乱持续起码六个月的行为。
例As Canada did not wish to suggest specific topics, it referred to the following indicative examples of sub-themes that could be addressed under the proposed “outward-looking” approach, bearing in mind that the number of sub-themes would have to be limited: crime, human rights and the rule of law (that would include both the role of criminal justice in protecting human rights and the role of human rights in the justice system, and the role of the rule of law in both); crime and international peace, security and reconstruction (post-conflict and post-disaster situations); crime and technological change, including cybercrime, as well as the use of technologies by organized criminal groups and for trafficking, among other crimes; and crime and trade, commerce and the global economy (that could cover specific areas of economic crime and possibly corruption).
【参考译文】加拿大并不想就具体专题提出建议, 而只是就在拟议的“外向”做法下所可述及的一些分主题提出以下示范性实 例,同时铭记这些分主题的数目必须加以限定: 犯罪、 人权和法治(其中可包 括刑事司法在保护人权上的作用以及人权在司法系统中的作用,以及法治在这两个方面所起的作用);犯罪和国际和平、安全与重建(冲突后和灾后情况);犯罪与技术变革,包括网络犯罪以及有组织 犯罪集 团对 技术的利用与将技术除 用于其他犯罪外还用于贩运;以及犯罪和贸易 、商业及全球经济(其中可涵盖经济犯罪的一些具体方面并且可能还涵盖腐败)。
区别crime和offense
crime多指应当受到不成文法(common law) 所规定的刑罚所惩处的犯罪,指那些被认为实质上恶劣,属于自然法所认定的犯罪(malum in se)。而offense所指的犯罪多是由制定法(statute law)所创制规定之犯罪,即仅为成文法所禁止但并非固有不正当性的犯罪行为(malum prohibitum)。其次,offense的范畴比crime要广,除用作指犯罪(crime)之外, 还指其他的一些“应予刑罚惩处的违法行为”,注意的是offense 与一般意义上的 “违法行为”是有区别的,在美国,只有 Louisiana州除外,在该州,offense方用于指广义上的包括不受 penalty惩处的“违法行为”
参考
《英汉法律用语大辞典》(第2版)
《法律英语核心术语:实务基础》(屈文生)
https://www.linguee.com/english-chinese/search?source=auto&query=+crime