Restraint/Restriction/Constraint都有“限制；规定”之意。

Restraint：表示“限制，规定”的意思时，强调“约束力；管制措施；制约因素”。

export restraints出口控制

moral/social/cultural restraints道德/社会/文化制约因素

Restriction：表示“限制，规定”的意思时，强调“限制规定或限制法规”。

可与Limitation替换使用。

import/speed/travel restrictions 进口、速度、旅行限制

impose/place a restriction on 实行限制

lift restrictions on 撤销限制

restrictions of a prison 监狱的种种约束

Constraint：限制；限定；约束

constraints of time/money/space 时间╱资金╱空间的限制

financial/economic/legal/political constraints 财政╱经济╱法律╱政治约束

参考双语例句：

①Significant numbers of road traffic fatalities and injuries can be prevented by addressing the leading causes, which include excess speed, lack of seat-belt and child restraint use, drinking and driving, lack of helmet use by riders on two-wheel and three-wheel motorized vehicles, poorly designed and inadequately maintained roads, unsafe infrastructure and vehicles, and inadequate trauma care.

大量道路交通死伤案件可通过消除主要起因加以预防，包括超速、不使用安全带和儿童约束装置、酒后驾驶、两轮和三轮机动车驾驶员不带头盔、道路设计欠佳和保养不当、基础设施和车辆不安全以及创伤护理不当。

②The Delegation, pointing out that this point was also emphasized in the Guidelines for the Validation of Food Safety Control Measures adopted at the current session, which provided that control measures required validation on a case-by-case basis, proposed that the restriction be lifted, but that the use of the LPS be conditional on infrastructure and validation and be based on mutual agreements between countries depending on patterns of trade, and in line with this observation, further proposed to amend footnote 9 in Appendix A: Microbiostatic Control Measures - Code of Practice for Milk and Milk Products by the addition of the following: "Any trade in milk treated by the lactoperoxidase system should only be on the basis of mutual agreement between countries concerned, and without prejudice to trade with other countries.

该代表团指出，这一点也要在本届会议上通过的确认食品安全控制措施指南里强调，该指南规定，需要在个案基础上确认控制措施建议，应取消该限制，但乳过氧化物酶体系的使用取决于基础设施和确认条件，而且应基于依靠贸易模式的国家之间的相互协议，以及根据观察到的情况，另外还建议修改附件A里的注脚9：微生物统计防治措施－乳和乳制品操作规范，增加下列内容：“任何经过乳过氧化物酶体系处理过的牛奶贸易应基于有关国家之间的相互协议，不得损害与其他国家的贸易”。

③A second constraint is the weak regulatory framework, which leads to a range of problems: irresponsible behaviour by employers; lack of enforcement of core labour standards — thus undermining the ability of the trade union movement to act on these issues; the lack of ratification and implementation of basic standards such as ILO Convention No. 155 on Occupational Safety and Health; and weak labour inspectorates.

第二个限制因素是监管薄弱，这导致一系列问题：雇主行为不负责；核心劳工标准得不到执行，因而削弱工会运动就这些问题采取行动的能力；劳工组织关于职业安全和卫生的第155号公约等基本标准得不到批准和/或执行；劳工监察局不得力。