很多刚入行的小白认为看合同是个苦差事,犹恐避之不及,但其实,涉外法律案件中的合同看多了,翻译多了,不光是工作能够驾轻就熟,也能深入且细致地了解交易的细节,对工作的稳健开展和法律英语水平的提高都是大有裨益的。
合同语言属于法律语言,英文合同在语言上力求用词严谨,表述准确,尽量避免可能出现的对合同内容或条款的误解或曲解,确保合同的严谨性、准确性和权威性。我们熟知的很多英语常用词,在英文合同中的常见含义往往是不同于基本含义的。现总结列出9个常见的使用不同意义常用词的例句。
cap的基本含义是“帽子”,但是在合同中常见含义是“给......定限额”。
British oil giant BP has told a court it was committed to waiving the legal cap on its liability from the Gulf oil spill that could have limited the company's liability cost to 75 million US dollars.
英国石油公司日前宣称它将放弃对墨西哥海湾漏油事件的法定赔偿金上限,这意味着该公司为石油泄漏支付的赔偿金将超过7500万美元。
02
effect基本含义是“影响”,但是在英文合同中,除了“影响”以外,还有另外两层含义:一是“效力”(force and effect);二是“通过……实现”或者“通过……落实”。
Any conversion of Class B Common Shares into Class A Common Shares pursuant to these Articles shall be effected by means of the re-designation of the relevant Class B Common Share as a Class A Common Share. Such conversion shall become effective forthwith upon entries being made in the Register of Members to record the re-designation of the relevant Class B Common Shares as Class A Common Shares.
依照本章程将任何B类普通股转换为A类普通股,应通过将相关B类普通股重新指定为A类普通股的方式完成。该等转换应在股东名册中录入相关B类普通股被重新指定为A类普通股的条目后立即生效。
An obligation on any Party to use “best efforts” or “best endeavors” to procure or effect that an event occurs, shall mean that such Party is obliged to use, so far as it is able and to the extent permitted under applicable Laws, its voting rights and other powers to effect the occurrence of such events.
任何一方有义务使用“最大努力”或“尽力”促使或促成一项事件发生应当是指该方有义务使用届时适用法律允许的程度内能够使用的投票权和其他权力促成事件的发生。
03
action基本含义是“行动”,但是在英文合同中常见含义是“诉讼”。
The Licensee will, at the request of the Licensor and at the Licensor’s expense, give full cooperation to the Licensor in any action or claim brought or threatened to be brought in respect of the Licensed Trademarks, including joining in as a party to any proceedings.
对于就受许可商标提起或拟将提起的诉讼或索赔,应许可方要求并由许可方支付费用,被许可方将给予充分合作,包括作为当事人参与任何诉讼。
04
prejudice基本含义是“偏见”,但是在英文合同中的常见含义是“损害”。
The rights conferred upon the respective parties by the provisions of this Clause are additional to and do not prejudice any other rights the respective parties may have.
本款规定赋予各方的权利,是对各方可能享有的其他权利的补充,而不是损害。
05
consideration基本含义是“考虑”,但是在英文合同中的常见含义是“对价”。
The Consideration shall be RMB 2,598,750,000 (Two Billion Five Hundred Ninety Eight Million Seven Hundred Fifty Thousand Renminbi), being RMB 3.96 per share multiplied by 656,250,000 (the number of Sale Shares).
转让价款为人民币2,598,750,000元(人民币二十五亿九千八百七十五万元),即每股人民币3.96元乘以656,250,000 (拟转让股份数额)。
06
negligence基本含义是疏忽,但是在英文合同中的常见含义是“疏忽”。
The general principles of contributory negligence and assumption of risk are appliable in products liability cases based on negligence.
过失分担原则和风险承担原则适用于以过失为由提起的产品责任案件。
07
said基本含义是“说”(过去式),但是在英文合同中的常见含义是“上述,该”。
in the case of failure by the said designated airline(s) to comply with the laws or regulations referred to in Article 5 of this Agreement applied by the Contracting Party granting those rights;
该指定空运企业不遵守本协定第五条所指的授予上述权利的缔约一方所适用的法律或规章;
08
execute的确可做“执行”讲,或“实施”讲,也可做“处死”讲。但是放在合同里面,尤其在to execute or cause to be executed这个句式里面,95%的可能都是“签署”的意思。
Article 14 A securities firm conducting securities business money lending shall sign and execute a loan contract with the customer.
第14条 证券商办理证券业务借贷款项,应与客户签订借贷款项契约书。
09
在普通英语中,save是一个人人熟悉的及物动词;而在英文合同中,save是一个与except (for)相同的介词。
Save as is provided in this Ordinance, no claim within the jurisdiction of the Board shall be actionable in any court.
除非本条例另有规定,否则凡属仲裁处司法管辖权范围内的申索,不得在任何法庭进行诉讼。
以上是9个英文合同中具有不同意义的常用词,诸如此类的词还有很多。要想学好法律英语,想要顺利地阅读、起草英语合同,精准地进行翻译,无障碍地进行谈判……只是好高骛远地读一两本书是不可能实现的,不从基础开始,不逐词逐句地研读合同,一切涉外法律工作都无从谈起。