joint and several a. 共同的和个别的；连带的

joint and several是常见搭配，表示“共同连带的”，如：

joint and several liability 连带责任

侵权之债或合同之债的一种责任形式。根据债权人的自由决定，责任可以由全体债务人或其中的一人或数人承担，所以,每一个债务人都独立地对全部债务负责。但在债务人中，某一偿付人有权从其他未偿付人处得到分摊和补偿。

joint and several bond 连带保函；连带债券

连带保函 由两个或两个以上的保证人对债务的支付承担连带责任[ joint and several liability]的保函。

连带债券 两个或两个以 上的债务人保证偿本付息的债券。债务人可以共同或分别对债权人承担责任，债权人可以就全部债务起诉全体债务人，或者分别对任何一个债务人提起诉讼。但债权人不能就部分债务提起共同诉讼，而对其余部分提起分别之诉。

joint and several contract 连带合同

一方当事人为多数，其关系既相互独立又相互连带的合同。

joint and several judgment 连带判决

既针对两名或两名以上当事人又分别针对他们每一人的判决。

其中，要重点掌握的是joint and several liability “连带责任”。

例  From the policy perspective, the only principal difference between the DP provisions and the requirements on supervising partners is that the former imposes joint and several liability on the DP (after the client has established that there is default on the part of the LLP) while the latter requires the client to prove liability at common law and/or breach of the requirements of other relevant sections in the Bill on the part of the supervising partner for him to be liable to the client personally.

【参考译文】从政策角度来看，指定合伙人条文与监督合伙人规定的唯一主要分别，在于前者订明当事人证明有限 法律责任合伙有失责行为后，指定合伙人负有共同和个别的法律责任，而后者则规定当事人须证明，监督合伙人因普通法所定的法律责任及／或违反条例草案其他相关条文的规定，而须向当事人负上个人法律责任。

例It should be noted that in all these countries, the nonfulfilment of the relevant legal requirements to transfer an “ongoing concern” has certain adverse effects on the parties, including, in some cases, the joint and several liability of the seller and purchaser for certain debts.

【参考译文】要注意的是，在所有这些国家中，如未能完全履行转让持续经营公司的有关法律规定，会对各方造成某些不利影响，包括在某些情况下，卖方和买方会对某些债务承担连带责任。

例 Where a partnership is declared bankrupt according to law, its general partners shall still bear unlimited joint and several liability for the debts of the partnership.

【参考译文】合伙企业依法被宣告破产的，普通合伙人对合伙企业债务仍应承担无限连带责任。

参考

有道词典

《元照英美法词典》

《法律英语核心术语：实务基础》（屈文生）

https://www.linguee.com/english-chinese/search?source=auto&query=joint+and+several