trust n. 信托;托斯拉
v. 信托;委托
trust既可以作名词,也可以作动词,在法律英语中作名词常见的含义有“信托;托斯拉”,作动词常译为“信托;委托”等。其中最为重要最为常见的含义为“信托”,这一术语是英美法中非常重要的概念,指受托人基于委托人的信任,以名义所有人的身份,就 委托人授予的财产为受益人的利益进行管理和处分的行为。
(“托拉斯”,表示一种商事实体的 组织形式,由多家企业联合组成的垄断组织,旨在加强竞争力, 垄断销售市场,牟取高额利润。在现代市场经济中,这是一种 不正当的竞争形式,世界各国已经制定出多部反托拉斯(antitrust) 法律。)
例 Except as otherwise expressly provided by these Articles or as required by law or as ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction, no person shall be recognised by the Company as holding any share upon any trust and the Company shall not be bound by or be compelled in any way to recognise (even when having notice thereof) any equitable, contingent, future or partial interest in any shares or any interest in any fractional part of a share or any other rights in respect of any share except an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the registered holder.
【参考译文】 除本章程细则另有明文规定或法律规定或具司法管辖权的法院颁令外,否则 没有任何人士会获本公司承认以任何信托方式持有任何股份,而本公司亦不受任何股份中的衡平法权益、或有权益、未来权益或部分权益,或任何不足 一股的股份中的任何权益,或有关任何股份的任何其他权利(登记持有人持有全部上述股份权益的绝对权利除外)所约束,亦不会以任何方式被迫承认该等权益或权利(即使公司已知悉有关事项)。
例For the purpose of this paragraph there shall be disregarded any shares held by a Director or his associates as bare or custodian trustee and in which he or any of them has no beneficial interest, any shares comprised in a trust in which the interest of the Director or his associate(s) is/are in reversion or remainder if and so long as some other person is entitled to receive the income thereof, and any shares comprised in an authorised unit trust scheme in which the Director or his associate(s) is/are interested only as a unit holder and any shares which carry no voting right at general meetings and very restrictive dividend and return of capital right.
【参考译文】就本段而言,将不计算董事或其联系人士作为受托人或受托管人所持有而该董事或其任何联系人士并无实益之任何股份、在若干其他人士有权取得上述收入之情况下董事或其联系人士须归还或剩余权益之信托所涉及之任何股份、董事或其联系人士仅以独立持有人身份拥有权益之法定单位信托计划所涉及之任何股份、以及在股东大会上并无投票权及所获取相当有限之股息及退回之股本权利之任何股份。
例 "Encumbrances" include any option, right to acquire, right of preemption, mortgage, charge, pledge, lien, hypothecation, title creation, right of set-off, counterclaim, trust arrangement or other security or any equity or restriction (including any relevant restriction imposed under the relevant law).
【参考译文】 “权利负担”包括期权、收购权、优先权、抵押、押己、质押、留置、押汇、所有权的产生、抵付权、反诉、信托安排或其他担保、或股权、限制(包括有关法律规定的任何有关限制)。
虽然trust作动词时也有“委托”含义,但是在法律英语中表示“委托”更为常见的是entrust,而二者的名词形式trustee和entruster,分别表示“受托人”和“委托人”,译者应注意区分。此外,trustee除了可以表示“受托人”外,在破产法中,trustee可以表示“破产管理人”,一般由债权人或者法院指定,来管理破产财产,亦作“bankruptcy trustee ”或 者“trustee in bankruptcy”。
例 If the machinery and equipment contributed by a foreign investor as investment shall require import licenses under Chinese regulations, the wholly foreign-owned enterprise shall directly apply or entrust an agency to apply with the license issuing authority for the import licenses on the strength of the list of equipment and materials approved for importation by the enterprise.
【参考译文】外国投资者作为出资的机器设备,依照中国规定需要领取进口许可证的,外资企业凭批准的该企业进口设备和物资清单直接或者委托代理机构向发证机关申领进口许可证。
参考
《元照英美法词典》
《英汉法律用语大辞典》(第2版)
《英汉法律翻译教程》(孙万彪)
《法律英语核心术语:实务基础》(屈文生)
https://www.linguee.com/english-chinese/search?source=auto&query=trust
(PS: 信托样本可见:http://www.qidulp.com/article/p/583)