Cartel 是一个经济学术语,汉语翻译为“卡特尔”,英文释义为:A cartel is a collection of independent businesses or organizations that collude in order to manipulate the price of a product or service.是垄断组织(monopolies/monopoly organization)形式之一,是为了垄断市场从而获取高额利润,生产或销售某一同类商品的厂商通过在商品价格、产量和市场份额分配等方面达成协定从而形成的垄断性组织和关系。卡特尔通常出现在寡头垄断市场中,其设立的目的是避免寡头厂商之间的激烈冲突。
在南美贩毒组织经常被称为“毒品卡特尔”。这些组织符合卡特尔的技术定义。他们是松散的附属组织,通过内部制定规则来控制一种商品(即非法药品)的价格和供应。最著名的例子是 Medellin Cartel,该组织在上世纪80年代由巴勃罗·埃斯科瓦尔领导,该卡特尔因向美国走私大量可卡因而闻名,并以其暴力手段而闻名。
参考例句:It confirmed President Karzai’s nominees for new Ministers of Agriculture, Education and Interior, while exercising its no-confidence powers against the former Minister of Commerce and Industry, accused of connections with a cartel allegedly controlling food and fuel prices.
国民议会批准了卡尔扎伊总统提名的新的农业部长、教 育部长和内政部长,但对被指控与据称控制食品和燃料价格的 卡特尔有 联系 的前 商业和工业部长行使了不信任权力
At the same time, Al-Shabaab is evolving from an armed faction into a lucrative consortium of business interests, both within Somalia and abroad, whose members benefit from cartel-style trading practices, tax breaks and mutual facilitation.与此同时,青年党正从一个武装派别发展成一个在索马里和国外均有商业利益的财团,其成员通过卡特尔式的交易、税收减免和相互协助获益。
An absence of coordination in the enforcement of the two laws would create conflict in the market, through the possibility of tenders being awarded to a cartel group, thus transferring taxpayers’ earnings to private companies.
如果两部律的执行工作缺乏协调,就有可能使一个卡特尔集团中标,造成市场上的冲突,从而将纳税人的收入转移到私营公司上。