Sham，fake和counterfeit这三个名词均表示“假的，虚假的”之意。倾向性略有不同，在此做具体介绍。

Sham指的是“假冒物，赝品”，尤指故意的欺骗；做形容词时则表示“假的，虚假的”，如：sham trial 虚假审判，sham marriage 假结婚。

Fake有两种情况，第一种同sham一样，指的是一种欺骗行为，如：

fake designer clothing 冒牌的名设计师服装；第二种指的不是故意的欺骗，有仿制之意，如a jacket in fake fur 人造毛皮短上衣。

Counterfeit表示“假的，虚假的”时，侧重于形容钱币及商品（money and goods for sale），如：counterfeit watches 冒牌手表，counterfeit notes 伪造钞票。

参考双语例句：

①It also expresses its rejection of the sham trial by the Israeli occupation authorities of Syrian citizen Yusuf Shams, who was sentenced by the Israeli occupation authorities to five years in prison.

叙利亚政府也拒绝以色列占领当局对叙利亚 公民 Yusuf Shams 的虚假审判， 他被以色列占领当局判处五年徒刑。

②With regard to the claims based on forged documents, we have already submitted to the IAEA 117 pages explaining why the documents are forged and fake.

至于根据伪造文件提出的指称，我们已经向原子能机构提交117页说明，解释为什么这些文件是伪造和假冒的。

③The expanding use of counterfeit and unlicensed medicines is a concern in many countries, and UNICEF focuses on controlling the origin of the medicines it supplies and only allows country offices to purchase medicines through Supply Division.

很多国家担心假冒伪劣和没有许可证的药品泛滥，联合国儿童基金会关注于控制药品供应的源头，只允许国家政府通过供应司来获取药品。