Accountability system即“问责制”。是指问责主体对其管辖范围内各级组织和成员承担职责和义务的履行情况，实施并要求其承担否定性后果的一种责任追究制度。

Administrative accountability system即“行政问责制”，即一级政府对现任该级政府负责人、该级政府所属各工作部门和下级政府主要负责人在所管辖的部门和工作范围内由于故意或者过失以致影响行政秩序和行政效率，贻误行政工作，给行政机关造成不良影响和后果的行为，进行内部监督和责任追究的制度。

法律术语的问责制称之为法律责任的追究。根据宪法和法律，政府及其公务员必须承担应由它（他们）承担的责任，包括道义责任、政治责任和法律责任；同时，政府还必须接受来自内部和外部的监督，以保证责任的实现。这是为增强官员的责任感而设置的一道“紧箍咒”，从而使这些人民公仆真正做到“权为民所用，情为民所系，利为民所谋”。

参考双语例句：

In paragraphs 64 and 65 of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Towards an accountability system in the United Nations Secretariat” (A/64/640), the Secretary-General proposed to establish a Results Management Unit in the Department of Management that, among other tasks, would manage, oversee and support the implementation of the results based management system within the United Nations, including for peacekeeping operations and special political missions, and support and guide the performance by Secretariat programmes of self-evaluations and utilization of lessons learned.

在秘书长题为“建立联合国秘书处问责制度”的报告(A/64/ 640)第64和65段中，秘书长建议在管理事务部设立一个成果管理股，以便除其他以外管理、监督并支持在联合国，包括在维持和平行动和特别政治任务中实施成果管理制，同时支持并指导秘书处各方案实施自我评价以及运用经验教训。

In the same resolution, the General Assembly endorsed the conclusions and recommendations of the Committee requesting the Secretary-General to fully implement Assembly resolution 64/259, entitled “Towards an accountability system in the United Nations Secretariat” and to present concrete measures and actions taken to promote the culture of accountability within the Secretariat in future plan outlines, as well as in the biennial programme plans of the strategic framework.

大会在该项决议中，认可方案委员会的结论和建议，即请秘书长充分执行大会题为“在联合国秘书处实行问责制度”的第64/259号决议，并在今后的计划大纲和战略框架的两年期方案计划中，说明为在联合国秘书处促进问责文化而采取的具体措施和行动。