一、法院名称

（一）中华人民共和国最高人民法院

The Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China

简称：The Supreme People's Court of P.R.C. (SPC)

（二）高级人民法院

例：

北京市高级人民法院

The High People's Court of Beijing Municipality

简称：Beijing High People's Court

河北省高级人民法院

The High People's Court of Hebei Province

简称：Hebei High People's Court

内蒙古自治区高级人民法院

The High People's Court of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

简称：Inner Mongolia High People's Court

（三）中级人民法院

例：

上海市第一中级人民法院

The First Intermediate People's Court of Shanghai Municipality

简称：Shanghai First Intermediate People's Court

海南省第一中级人民法院

The First Intermediate People's Court of Hainan Province

简称：Hainan First Intermediate People's Court

陕西省西安市中级人民法院

The Intermediate People's Court of Xi'an City of Shaanxi Province

简称：Xi'an Intermediate People's Court, Shaanxi

河北雄安新区中级人民法院

The Intermediate People's Court of Xiong'an New Area of Hebei Province

简称：Xiong'an Intermediate People's Court, Hebei

湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州中级人民法院

The Intermediate People's Court of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province

简称：Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Intermediate People's Court, Hunan

湖北省汉江中级人民法院

Hanjiang Intermediate People's Court of Hubei Province

简称：Hanjiang Intermediate People's Court, Hubei

辽宁省辽河中级人民法院

Liaohe Intermediate People's Court of Liaoning Province

简称：Liaohe Intermediate People's Court, Liaoning

太原铁路运输中级法院

The Railway Transportation Intermediate Court of Taiyuan

简称：Taiyuan Railway Transportation Intermediate Court

吉林省长春林区中级人民法院

The Intermediate People's Court of Changchun Forest Area of Jilin Province

简称：Changchun Forest Area Intermediate People's Court, Jilin

甘肃矿区人民法院

The Intermediate People's Court of Gansu Mining Area

简称：Gansu Mining Area Intermediate People's Court

黑龙江省农垦中级法院

The Intermediate Court of the Reclamation Area of Heilongjiang Province

简称：Heilongjiang Reclamation Area Intermediate Court

（四）基层人民法院

例：

北京市海淀区人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Haidian District of Beijing Municipality

简称：Haidian Primary People's Court, Beijing

湖北省武汉市江汉区人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Jianghan District of Wuhan City, Hubei Province

简称：Jianghan Primary People's Court, Wuhan, Hubei

浙江省慈溪市人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Cixi City of Zhejiang Province

简称：Cixi Primary People's Court, Zhejiang

河北省滦县人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Luanxian County of Hebei Province

简称：Luanxian Primary People's Court, Hebei

广东省东莞市第一人民法院

The First Primary People's Court of Dongguan City of Guangdong Province

简称：Dongguan First Primary People's Court, Guangdong

贵州省威宁彝族回族苗族自治县人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Weining Yi, Hui and Miao Autonomous County of Guizhou Province

简称：Weining Yi, Hui and Miao Primary People's Court, Guizhou

天津自由贸易试验区人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone

简称：Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone Primary People's Court

福建省平潭综合实验区人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone of Fujian Province

简称：Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone Primary People's Court, Fujian

江西省南昌高新技术产业开发区人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Nanchang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone of Jiangxi Province

简称：Nanchang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone Primary People's Court, Jiangxi

重庆两江新区人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Chongqing Liangjiang New Area

简称：Chongqing Liangjiang New Area Primary People's Court

四川天府新区成都片区人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Tianfu New Area (Chengdu) of Sichuan Province

简称：Tianfu New Area (Chengdu) Primary People's Court， Sichuan

广东省深圳深汕特别合作区人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Shenzhen-Shanwei Special Cooperation Zone of Shenzhen City of Guangdong Province

简称：Shenzhen-Shanwei Special Cooperation Zone Primary People's Court, Shenzhen, Guangdong

广东省深圳前海合作区人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Qianhai Cooperation Zone of Shenzhen City of Guangdong Province

简称：Qianhai Cooperation Zone Primary People's Court, Shenzhen, Guangdong

杭州互联网法院

Hangzhou Internet Court

合肥铁路运输法院

The Railway Transportation Primary Court of Hefei

简称：Hefei Railway Transportation Primary Court

吉林省白石山林区基层法院

The Primary Court of Baishishan Forest Area of Jilin Province

简称：Baishishan Forest Area Primary Court, Jilin

（五）新疆兵团法院

例：

新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院

The Production and Construction Corps Branch of the High People's Court of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

简称：Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Branch High People's Court

新疆生产建设兵团第十四师中级人民法院

The Intermediate People's Court of the Fourteenth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

简称：Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Fourteenth Division Intermediate People's Court

新疆生产建设兵团哈密垦区人民法院

The Primary People's Court of Kumul Reclamation Area of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

简称：Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Kumul Reclamation Area Primary People's Court

（六）专门人民法院

1. 军事法院

例：

中国人民解放军军事法院

The Military Court of the Chinese People's Liberation Army

简称：The PLA Military Court

中国人民解放军东部战区军事法院

The Military Court of the Eastern Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army

简称：The PLA Eastern Theater Command Military Court

中国人民解放军西部战区第一军事法院

The First Military Court of the Western Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army

简称：The PLA Western Theater Command First Military Court

中国人民解放军上海军事法院

The Military Court of Shanghai of the Chinese People's Liberation Army

简称：The PLA Shanghai Military Court

中国人民解放军驻港部队军事法院

The Military Court of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison

简称：The PLA Hongkong Garrison Military Court

2. 海事法院

例：

大连海事法院

Dalian Maritime Court

3. 知识产权法院

例：

北京知识产权法院

Beijing Intellectual Property Court

海南自由贸易港知识产权法院

Hainan Free Trade Port Intellectual Property Court

4. 金融法院

例：

上海金融法院

Shanghai Financial Court

二、法院内设机构

（一）审判机构

立案庭

Case-Filing Division

立案一庭

The First Case-Filing Division

诉讼服务中心

Litigation Service Center

诉调对接中心

Mediation-Litigation Coordination Center

刑事审判庭

Criminal Division

刑事审判第一庭

The First Criminal Division

民事审判庭

Civil Division

民事审判第一庭

The First Civil Division

环境资源审判庭

Environment and Resources Division

行政审判庭

Administrative Division

综合审判庭

Comprehensive Division

房产审判庭

Real Estate Division

劳动争议审判庭

Labor Disputes Division

家事审判庭

Family Division

商事审判庭

Commercial Division

金融审判庭

Financial Division

破产及清算审判庭

Bankruptcy and Liquidation Division

知识产权审判庭

Intellectual Property Division

少年审判庭

Juvenile Division

互联网案件审判庭

Internet Disputes Division

审判监督庭

Judicial Supervision Division

赔偿委员会办公室

State Compensation Division

执行局

Enforcement Department

执行裁决庭

Enforcement Disputes Division

执行一庭

The First Enforcement Division

执行指挥中心

Enforcement Command Center

最高人民法院第一巡回法庭

The First Circuit Court of the SPC

最高人民法院第一国际商事法庭

The First International Commercial Court of the SPC

最高人民法院知识产权法庭

The Intellectual Property Court of the SPC

（二）人民法庭、专门法庭

人民法庭

Dispatched People's Tribunal

上海破产法庭

Shanghai Bankruptcy Tribunal

深圳金融法庭

Shenzhen Financial Tribunal

杭州知识产权法庭

Hangzhou Intellectual Property Tribunal

海南第一涉外民商事法庭

Hainan First Foreign-Related Civil and Commercial Tribunal

苏州国际商事法庭

Suzhou International Commercial Tribunal

南京环境资源法庭

Nanjing Environment and Resources Tribunal

成都互联网法庭

Chengdu Internet Tribunal

青岛海事法院石岛法庭

Shidao Tribunal of Qingdao Maritime Court

（三）其他内设机构

办公厅/办公室/综合办公室

General Office

政治部

Political Department

组织人事部/处

Personnel and Organization Division

干部处

Personnel Division

法官管理部/处

Judges Management Division

宣传教育部/处

Publicity and Training Division

教育培训处

Education and Training Division

司法警察管理局

Judicial Police Management Department

司法警察总队

Judicial Police Corps

司法警察支队

Judicial Police Branch

司法警察大队

Judicial Police Group

研究室

Research Office

审判管理办公室

Adjudication Management Office

督察局

Discipline and Supervision Department

国际合作局

International Cooperation Department

外事处

Foreign Affairs Division

外事科、外事办公室

Foreign Affairs Office

司法行政装备管理局

Judicial Administration and Equipment Management Department

司法行政装备管理处

Judicial Administration and Equipment Management Division

机关党委

Party-Related Affairs Department

离退休干部局

Retirees' Affairs Department

离退休干部处

Retirees' Affairs Division

司法改革办公室

Judicial Reform Office

新闻局

Information Department

宣传处/法宣处

Information Division

新闻办公室

Information Office

国家法官学院

National Judges College

中国司法案例研究院

China Judicial Cases Institute

国家法官学院地方分院

例：

国家法官学院北京分院

Beijing Branch of National Judges College

中国应用法学研究所

China Applied Jurisprudence Institute

中国法院博物馆

China Court Museum

人民法院新闻传媒总社

People's Court News and Media Agency

人民法院出版社

People's Court Press

机关服务中心

Logistic Service Center

人民法院信息技术服务中心

Information Technology Service Center of People's Court

中国司法大数据研究院

China Judicial Big Data Institute

信息管理处

Information Management Division

技术室

Technology Office

司法技术处

Forensic Science Management Division

中国法官协会

China Judges Association

省市法官协会

例：北京市法官协会

Judges Association of Beijing Municipality

四川省法官协会

Judges Association of Sichuan Province

中国女法官协会

China Women Judges Association

中央纪委国家监委驻最高人民法院纪检监察组

the Discipline Inspection and Supervision Office of the CCDI and the NCS at the SPC

法官权益保障委员会

Judges Rights and Interests Committee

法官考评委员会

Judges Assessment Committee

三、法院审判组织、审判团队和工作机制

审判委员会

Adjudication Committee

赔偿委员会

The State Compensation Committee

合议庭

Collegial Bench

独任庭

Sole Judge

审判团队

Judge Team

专业法官会议

Judges Conference

四、法官

（一）首席大法官

Chief Justice

（二）大法官

Justice

（三）高级法官、法官

Judge

（注：对外交流中，大法官、高级法官、法官原则上不再细分级别，中英文均不标出。）

五、法院工作职务和人员类别

院长

President

主管日常工作的副院长

Executive Vice President

副院长

Vice President

政治部主任

Head of Political Department

中央纪委国家监委驻最高人民法院纪检监察组组长

Chief Inspector of the Discipline Inspection and Supervision Office of the CCDI and the NCS at the SPC

审判委员会专职委员

Standing Member of the Adjudication Committee

（注：以英文表述最高人民法院审判委员会专职委员的职务时，前面必须加Justice。）

审判委员会委员

Member of the Adjudication Committee

庭长

Chief Judge

副庭长

Deputy Chief Judge

审判长

Presiding Judge

局长、副局长（局级主任、副主任）

Director General, Deputy Director General

处长、副处长（处级主任、副主任）

Director, Deputy Director

科长、副科长（科级主任、副主任）

Section Chief, Deputy Section Chief

司法警察

Judicial Police

法官助理

Judge Assistant

（注：对外交流中，法官助理原则上不再细分级别，中英文均不标出。）

书记员

Clerk

人民陪审员

People's Assessor

技术调查官

Technical Investigation Officer

速录员

Court Recorder

六、法院工作场所和区域名称

审判法庭

Courtroom

科技法庭

e-Courtroom

第一法庭

The First Courtroom

电子卷宗阅览室

e-File Room

律师工作室

Lawyers' Room

远程接访室

Remote Reception Room

接谈室

Reception Room

院长接待室

President's Reception Room

听证室

Hearing Room

调解室

Mediation Room

12368热线服务室

12368 Hotline Service Room

诉讼综合服务室

Litigation Service Room

多元化纠纷解决中心

Diversified Dispute Resolution Center (DDR Center)

申诉信访服务大厅

Complaint and Petition Service Hall

诉讼服务大厅

Litigation Service Hall

自助诉讼服务台

Self-Service Litigation Counter

电子阅卷终端

e-File Reading Terminal

七、法庭指示牌

审判长

Presiding Judge

审判员

Judge

人民陪审员

People's Assessor

调解员

Mediator

法官助理

Judge Assistant

技术调查官

Technical Investigation Officer

书记员

Clerk

原告

Plaintiff

公益诉讼起诉人

Plaintiff of Public Interest Litigation

被告

Defendant

第三人

Third Party

公诉人

Prosecutor

附带民事诉讼原告人

Plaintiff of Collateral Civil Action

被告人

The Accused

辩护人

Defender

上诉人

Appellant

被上诉人

Appellee

原审原告

Plaintiff of First Instance

原审被告

Defendant of First Instance

原审第三人

Third Party of First Instance

再审申请人

Applicant for Retrial

被申请人

Respondent

申请执行人

Applicant for Enforcement

被执行人

Party Subject to Enforcement

请求人

Claimant

被请求人

Respondent

专利权人

Patentee

商标权人

Trademark Holder

著作权人

Copyright Holder

无效宣告请求人

Invalidation Petitioner

被诉侵权人

The Accused Infringer

证人

Witness

鉴定人、专家辅助人

Expert Witness

旁听席

Public Gallery

媒体席

Media

司法警察

Judicial Police

参考来源：中华人民共和国最高人民法院网