Breach，a failure to do sth that must be done by law 侧重于（对法律、法规等的）违背，违犯，通常与合同或者协议连用。

breach clause 违约条款

actual breach 实际违约

material breach 重大违约；实质违约

express expectant contract breach 明示预期违约

implied expectant contract breach 默示预期违约

Violation，强调（对法律、协议、原则等的）违背，违反，包括刑事和民事过错，常用于法律语境中。Breach常用于违反合同，violation常用于违反刑法。

traffic violation 交通违章

contract violation 合同违约

privilege violation 特权扰乱

flagrant violation 公然侵犯；重大违反

Infraction，an act of breaking a rule or law 犯规；违法，侧重指违反规定或者地方的法令法规。在违反法律上，violation比infraction更为严重。

infraction of school rules 违反校规

minor Infraction 轻微违法; 小孩犯法

infraction of administrative procedure 行政程序违法

参考双语例句：

The present draft articles are without prejudice to the termination, withdrawal or suspension of treaties as a consequence of, inter alia: (a) a material breach; (b) supervening impossibility of performance; or (c) a fundamental change of circumstances.

本条款草案不妨碍尤其因下列情况而终止、退出或中止条约：(a)发生重大违约情事；(b)发生意外不可能履行；或(c)情况的根本改变。

In any case, clauses included in intellectual property licence agreements that provide, for example, that a licence terminates after X years or upon material breach such as failure of the licensee to upgrade or market the licensed products on time (that is, where the event that triggers the automatic termination is not insolvency) are not affected (see footnote 39, recommendation 72 of the Insolvency Guide).

无论如何，知识产权许可协议中载有下述规定的条款是不受影响的，例如，许可于X年后终止或在发生实际违约如被许可人没有及时升级或销售特许产品时终止（即引发自动终止的事件并非破产）的条款不受影响（见《破产法指南》建议72的脚注39）。

A staff member who has been arrested, charged with an offence other than a minor traffic violation or summoned before a court as a defendant in a criminal proceeding, or who has been convicted, fined or imprisoned for any offence other than a minor traffic violation shall immediately report the fact to the Secretary-General.

工作人员于被捕、被控以情节轻微的交通违规行为以外的犯罪；或在刑事诉讼中以被告人身份被传出庭，或因情节轻微的交通违规行为以外的犯罪而被定罪、课以罪金或判处监禁时，应立即将事实报告秘书长。

In other cases, the codes defined a “crime against international law” or “an international crime” by expressly mentioning the crimes in question or by reference, for example, to the commission of any act which was contrary to international humanitarian law under international treaties adhered to by the State concerned (e.g., Costa Rica) or more broadly to a serious violation of a treaty or an infraction of a generally recognized principle or tenet relating to international humanitarian law concerning armed conflicts.

在另一些情况下，刑法明确提及或参照有关罪行，从而对“违反国际法的罪行”或“国际罪行”作出了界定，例如，参照提及有悖于有关国家遵守的国际条约所规定的国际人道主义法的任何行为(例如哥斯达黎加)，或更广泛地提及严重违反一项条约或违背一项关于武装冲突的国际人道主义法的公认原则或准则的行为。

The United Nations Dispute Tribunal has observed that mitigating circumstances may include long and satisfactory service with the Organization; an unblemished disciplinary record; an employee’s personal circumstances; sincere remorse; restitution of losses; voluntary disclosure of the misconduct committed; whether the disciplinary infraction was occasioned by coercion, including on the part of fellow staff members, especially one’s superiors; and cooperation with the investigation.

联合国争议法庭指出，从宽情节可包括对联合国组织的长期和令人满意的服务、无不良纪律记录、雇员个人的情况、真诚反省、归还损失、自愿披露所犯的不当行为、违纪行为是否是在胁迫情况下发生的(包括被同事，特别是被其上级胁迫)，以及配合调查。