“订立合同”中“订立”一词有多种英文表达，常见的动词表达有enter into，conclude，establish，conclude，make，常见的名词表达有formation，conclusion，具体可参考如下例句：

1. enter into

秘书长提议与有关基金和方案订立新的安排，由这些基金和方案与大会部直接订立合同，在现收现付的基础上获取翻译服务。

The Secretary-General was proposing to enter into a new arrangement with the funds and programmes concerned whereby they would contract directly with the Department for translation services on a “pay-as-you-go” basis.

民法没有区分对男性与女性的法人资格与行为能力，当中所规范的婚姻和婚姻状况、亲权、拥有及管理财产的能力、订立合同的权利和继承权，女性与男性的权利是平等的。

Women and men are equal, inter alia, in terms of marriage and marital status, parental authority, capacity to own and administer property, right to enter into contracts and right of inheritance.

2. conclude

不设置这一阶段，采购实体会享有过 多的裁量权来决定与哪一个供应商或承包商订立合同，既没有透明度可言，也 没有为日后提出有效质疑而留下任何可核实的程序记录。

Without that stage, excess discretion is given to the procuring entity to decide with which supplier or contractor to conclude the contract, with no transparency and verifiable traces in the process that would allow effective challenge.

3. establish

根据惯例，办事处还于年初将整笔资金/准备金用于临时援助，并在合同已经订立和引起开支的情况下支付资金准备金。

The offices also customarily practice the blocking/reserving of funds for temporary assistance at the beginning of the year and charge the fund reservations as contracts are established and expenditure is incurred.

4. make

《关于合同和合同外责任的第 38 号法令》第 14 条指出，“凡年满 18 岁 或 18 岁以上者，可随时以本人名义订立合同。

Article 14 of the Decree No. 38 on Contract and Responsibility outside Contract states that “A person whose age is at or above 18 years old can make a contract by oneself at any time.

5. formation

关于合同的订立，法院指出没有证据显示，原告表示无条件接受聘书的电子答复函已进入预定收件人所控制的信息系统，因此无法认定当时便已订立合同（见《电子通信交易法案》第 23(b)节，该节参照的是《电子商务示范法》第 15(2)(a)㈠条，但增添一项要求，即电文应当能够被收件人检索和处理。

With respect to the formation of the contract, the Court noted that there was no evidence that the e-mail reply by the applicant containing unconditional acceptance of the offer had entered the information system under the control of the intended recipient, and that therefore the contract could not be considered concluded at that moment (see section 23(b) ECT Act, inspired by article 15 (2)(a)(i) MLEC, but adding the requirement that the message should be capable of being retrieved and processed by the addressee).

6. conclusion

若因我方违反次级合同责任，使得合同物品不能按照合同规定使用，甚至是在订立合同之前；例如，因为疏忽或不当意见、或不当说明；则除非买方提出额外索赔，则第六款第 5-8 条中规定的我方责任应适用。

If the contractual object cannot be used as stipulated in the contract due to culpable violation of secondary obligations to which we are obligated, even prior to conclusion of contract; for example due to omitted or incorrect consulting, or incorrect instructions, then under exclusion of additional claims on the part of purchaser, the provision set forth under Roman numeral VI no. 5 - 8 shall apply accordingly for our liability.