“Umbrella”一词，除了日常使用的“雨伞”“保护伞”之意外，在法律、金融等领域还有其他含义。Cambridge Dictionary给出的其中释义为“something that includes or represents a group or range of similar things”，表示“总括；总称”，相关短语包括但不限于：umbrella term（总称），umbrella article（总括条款），umbrella treaty（总括条约），umbrella agreement（总括协定），umbrella policy（伞式责任保险单），umbrella fund（伞型基金）。下面简要一下“umbrella agreement”“umbrella insurance”“umbrella fund”的具体内容。

Umbrella Agreement

An umbrella agreement (sometimes referred to as a framework agreement or master agreement) sets out a framework for a project owner to request goods or services from time to time under an order (sometimes referred to as a purchase order, statement of work, package or similar). The terms of the umbrella agreement are agreed up front, with certain specified variables to be agreed on an order basis; for example, the volume of goods and services ordered, where they will be supplied or performed and the total price.

总括协议（有时也称“框架协议”或“总协议”）为项目所有人按照订单（有时也称“采购订单”“工作说明书”“一揽子”等）不时要求提供货物或服务制定了框架。总括协议的条款是预先达成一致的，某些特定可变因素须根据订单进行协商；比如，订购的货物和服务总量以及总价。

This type of contract model allows flexibility in respect of the type and volume of goods or services to be procured while removing the need to have a full contract negotiation each time an order is placed. Ideally, no new information will need to be negotiated when an order is placed as the framework for determining the variables will be set out in the umbrella agreement itself. For example, while the price for the order will need to be set out in the order, it will be based on rates agreed in the umbrella agreement, removing the need to negotiate on price.

就这类合同而言，无需针对每次订单进行完整的合同谈判，对拟采购的货物或服务类型和总量可以灵活处理。理想的情况是，总括协议制定了有关确定可变因素的协议框架，从而无需就某次订单再次进行协商。比如，虽然订单须载明订单价格，但是价格是基于总括协议约定的费率确定的，无需再对价格进行协商。

Umbrella Insurance

Umbrella insurance is a type of personal liability insurance that covers claims in excess of regular homeowners, auto, or watercraft policy coverage. Umbrella insurance covers not just the policyholder, but also other members of their family or household. Umbrella insurance covers injury to others or damage to their possessions. It doesn’t protect the policyholder’s property or liability due to injury or damage caused on purpose.

伞式责任保险是一种个人责任保险，承保超出普通业主、汽车或船舶责任保单保险金额之外的索赔，投保人及其家庭成员均可享受，承保范围包括对他人造成损害或对他人财产造成损害，但不会因故意损害对投保人的财产或责任进行保护。

Let’s say that your homeowner’s insurance has a personal liability limit of $300,000. You throw a large holiday party, and one of your guests slips and falls on your icy front steps. She ends up with a concussion and some astronomical medical bills and decides to sue you. In court, the jury sides with your party guest and awards her a judgment of $1 million. This judgment is $700,000 higher than your homeowner’s insurance liability limit.

举例来说，你购买的业主保险中的个人责任限额为300,000美元。你举办了一个大型节日聚会，但是其中一位客人在结冰的门前阶滑倒。这位客人后来被诊断为脑震荡，需要支付巨额医疗费用，因此决定对你提起诉讼。在法庭上，陪审团站在这位客人一边，经判决，你需要向这位客人赔偿一百万美元，显然超过了上述个人责任限额。

If you have $1 million in umbrella insurance, your umbrella policy will cover the portion of the judgment that your homeowner’s insurance doesn’t. The umbrella policy will also cover any attorney fees and other expenses related to the lawsuit that weren’t covered by your homeowner’s policy. That coverage is in addition to the $1 million.

如果你的伞式责任保险限额为一百万美元，则伞式责任保险会负责超出业主保险金额的部分赔偿。此外，伞式责任保险也涵盖任何律师费以及业主保险未涵盖的其他诉讼相关费用。该保险金额并不包含在一百万美元内。

Umbrella Fund

An umbrella fund is an investment fund containing several distinct sub-funds which in effect are traded as individual investment funds in a different market or country. It is an investment fund that invests in other funds rather than in direct investments. Umbrella fund was originally developed in the European investment management industry. An umbrella fund is sometimes known as a fund of funds. The umbrella fund structure makes it cheaper for depositors to move from one sub-fund to another.

伞型基金是一种投资基金，其中涵盖若干个不同的子基金，各子基金实际上作为单独的投资基金在不同市场或国家交易。这种投资基金是对其他基金进行投资，而不是直接投资。伞型基金最初产生于欧洲的投资管理行业，有时也称“基金中的基金”。就伞型基金结构而言，投资者能够在不增加成本的情况下转换基金。

来源：

Investopedia；

https://definitions.uslegal.com/u/umbrella-fund/；

https://www.herbertsmithfreehills.com/latest-thinking/umbrella-agreements-in-mining