辨析Class、Grade和Rank

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Class、Grade和Rank均有“级、等级”之意。

Class : (人)多指阶层、阶级或社会等级;(事物)多指交通工具、考试等的级别。

First/second class mail一类/二类邮件

A business/economy class ticket商务舱/经济舱的机票

The working/middle/upper class 工人/中产/上层阶级

First-/second-/third-class degree 一级优等/二级优等/第三等学位


Grade : 指按地位或优劣划分的等级,既可指人又可指物,包括官衔、考试、工资、产品质量等。

Low/high grade fever 低/高烧

Salary grades (= levels of pay) 工资级别

Good grade of plywood 高品质的胶合板

Weapons-grade plutonium 武器级钚。


Rank : 强调指人在社会中的地位或等级,还特指军衔、警衔等。

Officers, and other ranks 军官及士兵

People of high social rank 社会地位高的人

Senior/high/junior/low rank 高/低级职位

Officers of junior/senior rank 有低级╱高级军阶的军官


对应参考双语例句:

The ESF also reimbursed a senior staff member for the expenses on treatment in a first-class ward at a hospital, when the staff member was only entitled to receive treatment in a second-class ward.

英基亦为一名高级人员入住医院头等病房接受治疗而支付住院费用,但该名职员只可享有在二等病房接受治疗的福利。

This convention could be a framework treaty encompassing the following areas: banning the production, development and the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons; renouncing the deterrence values of nuclear weapons in all defence doctrines; preventing the deployment of nuclear weapons in all areas, namely on the ground, underwater, in space and outer space; banning the production of fissile material for military purposes; declaring all stocks of weapons-grade fissile material and their elimination in an irreversible manner within an agreed timetable; declaring all warheads and de-alerting them in a verifiable manner; eliminating nuclear warheads in a phased programme and in an irreversible manner within a specific time frame.

作为框架公约,该公约可包括以下方面:禁止生产、发展及使用或威胁使用核武器;所有防御理论都应否认核武器的威慑作用;防止在任何地方――地面、水下、空中和外层空间――部署核武器;禁止为军事用途生产裂变材料;在议定时限内宣布所有武器级裂变材料库存以及彻底销毁这些材料;宣布所有弹头并以可核查的方式解除其戒备状态;在规定时间内按计划逐步以不可逆转的方式消除核弹头。

For example, the former Special Rapporteur, Rajsoomer Lallah, stated in 1998 that “these violations have been so numerous and consistent over the past years as to suggest that they are not simply isolated or the acts of individual misbehavior by middle- and lower-rank officers but are rather the result of policy at the highest level, entailing political and legal responsibility” (A/53/364, para. 59).

例如,前任特别报告员拉杰苏默·拉拉赫在 1998 年说:“过去几年,这类侵犯人权事件数量巨大并持续发生,表明它们并不是孤立的,也不是中下级军官的个人行为,而是最高层实施的政策的结果,他们必须承担政治和法律责任”(A/53/364,第 59 段)。 

发布于 2023-02-28 17:49:45
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