1.“subject to”

相比之下，“subject to”在英文合同中最为常用。在英文合同中， “subject to”通常用来表示“视……而定”、“以……为条件”,即必须优先满足“subject to”之后的条件，下面举例予以说明：

The SELLER REPRESENTATIVE shall be an employee of the SELLER. The appointment, change,or any delegation of the authority of, the SELLER REPRESENTATIVE.and any terms thereof shall be subject to prior approval by the BUYER,which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.

卖方代表必须是卖方的雇员。卖方代表的任命、变更或授权以及任何这 方面的条件都必须得到买方的事先批准，但买方不得无故拒绝或拖延。

卖方是否可以任命、变更或授权卖方代表得视买方的批准而定，“买方的批准”即为这里的条件。

Unless expressly otherwise provided for in any CHANGE OR- DER,all rates and prices stated herein are fixed and not subject to any revision, escalation, or adjustment whether due to currency fluctuations or otherwise.

除非变更单中明确做出不同规定，否则，本合同所确定的所有费用和价格都是固定的，不得进行修改、涨价或调整，是否因为货币波动或其他原因概不例外。

2.“not with standing”

尽管“not with standing”仅仅是一个词，但因为它和“subject to”使用的效果正好相反，为便于比较，也放在这里来讲。通常情况下，“not with standing”表示“尽管……但…… ”,“not with standing”后面所接的内容应放在次要位置予以考虑。

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the BUYER's obligation to pay the PURCHASE AGREEMENT PRICE,or any other sums due under the PURCHASE AGREEMENT, is not so suspended.

尽管有前述规定，但买方支付采购订单价格的义务或其他到期款项并不因此推迟。也就是说，即使发生了不可抗力，买方照常付款，不得延迟。

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Contract,if the Con tractor intends to claim any additional payment pursuant to any Clause of these Conditions or otherwise, he shall give notice to his intention to the Engineer,with a copy to the Employer,within 28 days after the event giving rise to the claim has first arisen.

尽管本合同有其他任何规定，如果承包商根据本合同的任何条款或其他 有关规定打算索取任何追加付款，他都应在引起索赔的事件第一次发生后28 天内，将其索赔意向通知工程师，并将一份副本呈交业主。

3.“without prejudice to”

“without prejudice to”表示“在不影响……的情况下”,比如“without prejudice to the existing rights”就表示“在不影响既有权利的情况下”

The contributing parties shall provide security for general average contribution at the request of the parties that have an interest therein.

Where the security has been provided in the form of cash deposits, such deposits shall be put in a bank by an average adjuster in the name of a trustee.

The provision,use and refund of the deposits shall be without prejudice to the ultimate liability of the contributing parties.

经利益关系人要求，各分摊方应当提供共同海损担保。

已提供保证金方式进行共同海损担保的，保证金应当交由海损理算师以保管人名义存入银行。

保证金的提供、使用或者退还，不影响各方最终的分摊责任。

This is particularly in light of paragraph 2 of decision XX/15 through which the Parties to the Montreal Protocol requested the Executive Committee when considering ODS phase-out projects for Iraq to take into account the special situation of this new Party, which may face difficulties in the phase-out of Annexes A and B substances, and to be flexible in considering the project proposals, without prejudice to the possible review of the non-compliance situation of Iraq by the Parties.

在第XX/15号决定第 2段中，《蒙特利尔议定书》缔约方请求执行委员会在审议伊拉克消耗臭氧层物质淘汰项 目时考虑到伊拉克作为新缔约方这一特殊情况，在淘汰附件 A 和附件B所列物质的过程中可能会面临一些困难，因此在审议项目提案时保持灵活性，但不得妨碍缔约方对伊拉克出现的不遵守情事情况可能展开的审查。