持有至到期投资 held-to-maturity investments

持有至到期投资，指企业有明确意图并有能力持有至到期，到期日固定、回收金额固定或可确定的非衍生金融资产。以下非衍生金融资产不应划分为持有至到期投资：（一）初始确认时划分为交易性非衍生金融资产；（二）初始确认时被指定为可供出售非衍生金融资产；

（三）符合贷款和应收款项定义的非衍生金融资产。

存在以下情况之一的，表明企业没有明确意图将某项金融资产投资持有至到期：（一）企业持有该金融资产投资的期限不确定。（二）发生市场利率变化、流动性需要变化、其他投资机会及投资收益率变化、融资来源和期限变化、外汇风险变化等情况时，企业将出售该金融资产。企业无法控制、预期不会重复发生且难以合理预期的事项引起的金融资产出售除外。（三）该金融资产发行方可以按明显低于其摊余成本的金额清偿。（四）其他表明企业没有明确意图将该金融资产投资持有至到期的情况。

The held-to-maturity investment refers to a non-derivative financial asset with a fixed maturity date, a fixed or determinable amount of recoverable amount, and that the Company holds for a definite purpose or is able to hold until its maturity.

The sum of fair value and (net of bond interests due but not yet received) and transaction costs relating to the held-to-maturity investment is recognized as the initially amount by the Company upon acquisition. The interest income when holding such held-to-maturity investments is recognized at amortized cost and effective interest rate, and is included in the investment income. The effective interest rate is determined upon acquisition and remains unchanged during the expected duration or shorter applicable period. The difference between the proceeds received from the disposal of such held-to-maturity investments and their carrying amount is included in the investment income. 以下为具体例句，供参考：

例句1

Where the amount arising from the disposal or reclassification of held-to-maturity investments into other types of financial assets is relatively larger than the total amount of all such investments of the Company before sale or reclassification, the remaining held-to-maturity investments after disposal or reclassification shall immediately be reclassified into available-for-sale financial assets; the difference between the carrying amount of such investments and their fair value on the reclassification date is included in other comprehensive income, and when available-for-sale financial assets are impaired or derecognized, is reclassified to the profit or loss for the current period.

如果持有至到期投资处置或重分类为其他类金融资产的金额，相对于本公司全部持有至到期投资在出售或重分类前的总额较大，在处置或重分类后应立即将其剩余的持有至到期投资重分类为可供出售金融资产；重分类日，该投资的账面价值与其公允价值之间的差额计入其他综合收益，在该可供出售金融资产发生减值或终止确认时转出，计入当期损益。

例句2

The impairment loss of a held-to-maturity investment is recognized on the basis of the difference between its carrying amount and the present value of expected future cash flows if there is objective evidence indicating its impairment; with evidence indicating the recovery of its value after provision, the originally recognized impairment loss may be reclassified to the profit or loss for the current period, but the carrying amount reclassified does not exceed the amortized cost of such financial asset on the reversal date assuming that no provision for impairment is made.

对于持有至到期投资，有客观证据表明其发生了减值的，根据其账面价值与预计未来现金流量现值之间差额计算确认减值损失；计提后如有证据表明其价值已恢复，原确认的减值损失可予以转回，记入当期损益，但该转回的账面价值不超过假定不计提减值准备情况下该金融资产在转回日的摊余成本。

例句3

According to not only legal form but also the contractual arrangements and economic substance of the financial instruments issued by the Company, the management classifies financial assets and financial liabilities into different categories based on the purpose of holding financial assets and assuming financial liabilities: financial assets (or financial liabilities) at fair value through profit or loss for the current period; held-to-maturity investments; entrusted loans; receivables; available-for-sale financial assets; other financial liabilities, etc.

管理层根据所发行金融工具的合同条款及其所反映的经济实质而非仅以法律形式，结合取得持有金融资产和承担金融负债的目的，将金融资产和金融负债分为不同类别：以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产（或金融负债）；持有至到期投资；委托贷款；应收款项；可供出售金融资产；其他金融负债等。

相关知识拓展：

持有至到期投资的会计处理

一、本科目核算企业持有至到期投资的价值。

企业委托银行或其他金融机构向其他单位贷出的款项，也在本科目核算。

二、本科目应当按照持有至到期投资的类别和品种，分别“成本”、“利息调整”、“应计利息”进行明细核算。

三、持有至到期投资的主要账务处理

（一）企业取得的持有至到期投资，应按该投资的面值，借记本科目（成本），按支付的价款中包含的已到付息期但尚未领取的利息，借记“应收利息”科目，按实际支付的金额，贷记“银行存款”、“存放中央银行款项”、“结算备付金”等科目，按其差额，借记或贷记本科目（利息调整）。

（二）资产负债表日，持有至到期投资为分期付息、一次还本债券投资的，应按票面利率计算确定的应收未收利息，借记“应收利息”科目，按持有至到期投资摊余成本和实际利率计算确定的利息收入，贷记“投资收益”科目，按其差额，借记或贷记本科目（利息调整）。

持有至到期投资为一次还本付息债券投资的，应于资产负债表日按票面利率计算确定的应收未收利息，借记本科目（应计利息），按持有至到期投资摊余成本和实际利率计算确定的利息收入，贷记“投资收益”科目，按其差额，借记或贷记本科目（利息调整）。

持有至到期投资发生减值后利息的处理，比照“贷款”科目相关规定。

（三）将持有至到期投资重分类为可供出售金融资产的，应在重分类日按其公允价值，借记“可供出售金融资产”科目，按其账面余额，贷记本科目（成本、利息调整、应计利息），按其差额，贷记或借记“资本公积——其他资本公积”科目。已计提减值准备的，还应同时结转减值准备。

（四）出售持有至到期投资，应按实际收到的金额，借记“银行存款”、“存放中央银行款项”、“结算备付金”等科目，按其账面余额，贷记本科目（成本、利息调整、应计利息），按其差额，贷记或借记“投资收益”科目。已计提减值准备的，还应同时结转减值准备。

四、本科目期末借方余额，反映企业持有至到期投资的摊余成本。