Absolve、exonerate、pardon、vindicate 和exculpate均有免罪或免除责任或惩罚的含义。

Absolve主要指免除对某行为的责任或义务，以及经裁定免除因未履行此责任或义务而应受的惩罚。“To set free or release from some obligation or responsibility; to determine to be free of fault,guilt,or liability.”如：absolve from responsibility 免除责任；absolve tax 豁免税捐。

Exonerate宣布（某人）无罪；免除责任。主要指解除对侵权等不法行为的指控或指责，并强调消除今后的嫌疑。“Exonerate means to free from accusation or blame,and stress freedom from future suspicion.”

Pardon指赦免罪行，免除刑罚，赦免、特赦。“To release a person from penalties for a past offense or alleged offense.”如：Hundreds of political prisoners were pardoned and released.许多政治犯被赦免和释放了。

Vindicate澄清（责难或嫌疑）；证明（某人）无罪（责）；平凡。强调指通过提供指控或指责不公平的证据而使受指控或指责者免除责任或罪过。prove that sb is not guilty when they have been accused of doing sth wrong or illegal。

参考双语例句：

① The role of regional arrangements and agencies should conform to Chapter VIII of the Charter and should in no way replace United Nations peacekeeping operations, circumvent full application of the guiding principles on peacekeeping, or absolve the Organization of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.

区域安排和机构的作用应符合《联合国宪章》第八章，且任何时候都不能取代联合国维持和平行动、阻碍维持和平指导原则的充分适用，或者免除联合国维护国际和平与安全的主要责任。

②The commentary will explain that secured transactions law may foresee liability of registry staff for loss or damage suffered by a registry user as a result of negligence, gross negligence or wilful conduct on the part of the registry staff in general or in the case of specified situations (for example, information submitted in a paper notice was entered erroneously into the registry record by the registry staff) or that the registry staff are exonerated from any liability, or, alternatively, the matter may be left to general law.

评注将解释，担保交易法可笼统规定，对登记处用户由于登记处工作人员的过失、严重过失或故意行为而遭受的损失或损害，登记处工作人员负有赔偿责任，也可针对具体指明的情形（举例说，登记处工作人员把以纸质通知提交的信息错误地输入登记处记录）规定登 记处工作人员负有赔偿责任，或规定免 除登记处工作人员的任何赔偿责任，或者也可规定将该事项留待一般性法律处理。

③Upon enquiry, the Advisory Committee was informed that, at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the differences in the employment conditions of the permanent and ad litem judges were those described in article 12 quater, paragraph (2), of the Tribunal’s statute, namely that ad litem judges were not eligible for election as, or to vote in the election of, the President of the Tribunal or the Presiding Judge of a Trial Chamber; nor did they have power to adopt rules of procedure and evidence, review an indictment or consult with the President of the Tribunal in relation to the assignment of judges or in relation to a pardon or commutation of sentence.

咨询委员会经询问获悉，卢旺达问题国际法庭常任法官和审案法官的雇用条件差异列在《卢旺达问题国际法庭规约》第12条之四第2款，即审案法官没有资格当选或选举法庭庭长或审判分庭主审法官，他们也没有权力通过程序和证据规则、审查起诉书、就法官任命或赦免、减刑事宜与法庭庭长进行协商。

④Under the pretext of seeking clarification on a legal principle, the Government applied to the Court for a judicial review and after the judicial review, it abused the judgment by using it in private as the excuse or so-called justification to vindicate a former government official. legco.

政府以澄清法律原则为名，向法庭申请司法覆核，而经过司法覆核后，便滥用判词，私下以此作为平反某前政府官员的藉口或所谓的理据。