Other Current Assets (OCA)

其他流动资产

 

By Daniel Liberto

Updated Jun 25, 2019

作者：Daniel Liberto

更新时间：2019年6月25日

 

What Are Other Current Assets (OCA)?

什么是其他流动资产？

 

Other current assets (OCA) is a category of things of value that a company owns, benefits from, or uses to generate income that can be converted into cash within one business cycle. They are referred to as “other” because they are uncommon or insignificant, unlike typical current asset items such as cash, securities, accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid expenses.

其他流动资产指企业拥有、从中受益或将其用于产生收益的且可在一个商业周期内变现的一类资产。之所以称其为“其他”是因为与典型的现金、证券、应收账款、库存和预付费用等流动资产科目不同，它们并不常见或微不足道。

 

The OCA account is listed on the balance sheet and is a component of a firm's total assets.

其他流动资产科目列示在资产负债表中，是企业资产总额的组成部分。

 

Key Takeaways

文章要点

· Other current assets are liquid assets that are characterized as uncommon or insignificant.

其他流动资产指被定性为不常见或微不足道的资产。

· They are listed on the balance sheet alongside other assets and are convertible into cash within one year.

它们与其他资产一起列在资产负债表上，并可在一年内变现。

· Because these assets are recorded rarely, or are insignificant, the net balance in the OCA account is typically quite small.

由于这些资产很少被记录，或是微不足道，其他流动资产科目的净余额通常很小。

 

Understanding Other Current Assets (OCA)

了解其他流动资产

 

Assets are broken down on the balance sheet as either fixed assets or current assets. Fixed assets are typically long-term tangible pieces of property, such as buildings, computer equipment, land, and machinery, that a firm owns and uses in its operations to generate income. They have useful lives that span over a year and are not liquid. 

资产在资产负债表上细分为固定资产或流动资产。固定资产一般指企业拥有并在企业经营中使用以创造收益的长期有形资产，如建筑物、计算机设备、土地和机械。这些资产的使用寿命超过一年，且并不具流动性。

Current assets, on the other hand, are all the assets of a company that are expected to be conveniently sold, consumed, utilized, or exhausted through standard business operations. They can easily be liquidated for cash, usually within one year, and are considered when calculating a firm's ability to pay short-term liabilities. Examples of current assets include cash and cash equivalents (CCE), marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid expenses.

而流动资产则指企业预计在一年内出售、消费、使用或在一般业务运营中用尽的所有资产。它们很容易转换为现金，转换时间通常在一年之内，且在计算企业的短期偿债能力时往往被考虑在内。流动资产包括现金和现金等价物、有价证券、应收账款、存货和预付费用等。

 

Current assets that are uncommon will not fall into one of the defined categories listed above. Instead, these assets will be lumped together into a generic “other” category and recognized as other current assets (OCA) on the balance sheet.

不常见的流动资产不会被计入上述已定义的类别之一。相反，这些资产将被合并计入到一个通用的“其他”类别中，并在资产负债表上确认为其他流动资产。

 

Sometimes, one-off situations, explained in a company’s 10-K filings, will result in recognizing other current assets (OCA). Because these assets are rarely recorded, or are insignificant, the net balance in the OCA account is typically quite small. Examples of other current assets (OCA) include: 

企业10-K报表中的一次性情况有时也会导致其他流动资产的确认。由于这些资产很少被记录，或是微不足道，其他流动资产科目的净余额通常很小。其他流动资产的例子包括：

 

· Advances paid to employees or suppliers

向员工或供应商支付的预付款

· A piece of property that is being readied for sale

准备出售的某项财产

· Restricted cash or investments

限制性现金或投资

· Cash surrender value of life insurance policies

寿险保单的退保积存金

 

Real World Example of Other Current Assets (OCA)

其他流动资产的真实示例

 

 

 

 

Source: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

来源：美国证券交易监督委员会

For the quarter ending March 31, 2019, Microsoft Corp. (MSFT) recorded total assets of $263.28 billion on its balance sheet. Of this total, 61% were attributed to current assets. As you can see in the table above, other current assets (OCA) made up a small proportion of the $159.89 billion of current assets. They were listed at $7.05 billion, meaning they accounted for just 4% of the company’s liquid assets.

截至2019年3月31日的季度，微软公司资产负债表上的资产总额为2632.8亿美元。其中，61%归属于流动资产。从上表中可看出，其他流动资产仅占1598.9美元的流动资产中的很小一部分。其他流动资产列示的金额为70.5亿美元，这意味着仅占公司流动资产的4%。

 

Special Considerations

特殊考虑

 

Microsoft did not provide a clearer breakdown of its other current assets (OCA) in its latest 10-Q and 10-K statements. Because they represent a limited source of liquidity for a company and may not have a significant impact on a business’s overall financial situation, not adding more detailed information on them is common.

微软在其最新的10-Q和10-K报表中并未细分其其他流动资产，因为它们仅代表公司有限的流动资金来源，且不会对公司的整体财务状况产生重要影响，所以通常不会添加有关其他流动资产的详细信息。

 

When other current assets (OCA) are discussed, information will be provided in the footnotes to the financial statements. Explanations may be necessary, for example, when there is a notable change in other current assets (OCA) from one period to the next.

讨论其他流动资产时，相关信息将在财务报表的脚注中予以提供。有时可能需要提供解释，比如说，当某一期间的其他流动资产到下一期间发生显著变化时。

 

Other current assets (OCA) are expected to be disposed within a year or to mature into another form. Thus, the value of a company's other current assets (OCA) may vary greatly from year to year, depending on the health of the company and how it spends its money. 

其他流动资产指预计将在一年内处置或到期成为另一种形式的资产。因此，企业其他流动资产的价值每年的变化可能很大，具体取决于企业的健康状况及其支出方式。

 

Important: It is useful to determine how material these assets are, as they may distort a firm's liquidity.

重点：确定这些资产的数量是有用的，因为它们可能会扭曲企业的流动性。

 

If the funds in OCA grow to a material amount, it may include one or more assets that would need to be reclassified into one or more of the major defined current assets accounts. In effect, when funds in OCA grow to a significant level, the account becomes important enough to be listed separately and added to one of the major current accounts on the balance sheet. This provides insight for anyone reviewing the company’s balance sheet since the nature of the recorded items will be better understood.

如若其他流动资产中的资金增长到庞大的数量，则其中可能会包含一种或多种需要重新分类为主要的流动资产科目中的一项或多项科目。实际上，当其他流动资产中的资金增长到显著的水平时，这一科目将变得很重要，足以在资产负债表中单独列示并添加至资产负债表上的其中一个主要流动科目。鉴于计入的科目更便于理解，由此审核企业资产负债表的人将能更深入的了解资产负债表。