Obligation、Responsibility与Function都有“义务”或“职责”之意。
Obligation: 强调法律或道义上的责任或义务;在法律英语中,也表示“(承诺付款等的)合同,契约”。
Treaty Obligation 条约义务
General Obligation Bond 一般义务债款
Continuing Obligation 持续责任;持续性义务
In addition, it was pointed out that, as far as the duty to cooperate in the fight against impunity seemed to underpin the obligation to extradite or prosecute, a systematic assessment, based on State practice, needed to be made of the extent to which that duty could elucidate, as a general rule or in relation to specific crimes, work on the topic, including work in relation to the material scope, the content of the obligation to extradite or prosecute and the conditions for the triggering of that obligation.
此外,工作组指出,鉴于在治理有罪不罚现象方面合作义务似乎是引渡或起诉义务的基石,需要基于国家实践,对下述问题作系统的评估:在多大程度上,合作义务作为一般规则或相对于具体的罪行而言,可指导本专题的工作,包 括涉及引渡或起诉义务的实质范围、内容以及诱发该义务的条件的工作。
Responsibility: 指工作、道义、社会上的责任;也指(对不良事件所负的)责任;(道义上或法律规定的)责任。
Corporate Social Responsibility 企业社会责任
Public Responsibility 社会责任;公共责任
Job Responsibility 工作职责;岗位职责
Criminal Responsibility刑事责任
For the purposes of more comprehensive protection, each State is encouraged to take all appropriate measures, in accordance with international law, to cooperate with other States concerned with a view to establishing jurisdiction over, and providing effective criminal sanctions against, those persons who have committed or have ordered to be committed acts referred to above (VII – Individual criminal responsibility) and who are found present on its territory, regardless of their nationality and the place where such act occurred.
为了进行更加全面的保护,鼓励各国根据国际法采取各种适当的措施与其他有关国家进行合作,以便确立有关的司法管辖权,并对那些犯有或下令犯有上述行为(VII.个人的刑事责任)并在该国领土被发现的个人(不论其国籍如何以及该行为在何处发生)予以有效的刑事制裁。
Function: 指因职务或职业关系去履行某种职责。
While building on existing international norms and standards, that procedure would: contribute to the preservation of the holistic nature of the Convention; take into account the general principles of the Convention in the consideration of allegations; propose measures to prevent the child from being subjected to reprisals for having submitted complaints; apply a gender-sensitive approach; guarantee the right of the child to be heard in proceedings affecting him or her; and complement the reporting function of the Committee, which would thus be in a position to call on relevant bodies to support countries in any follow-up to its recommendations, including by addressing root causes of violence against children.
这一程序以现有国际规范及标准为基础,它将:有助于维护《公约》的整体性;考虑到《公约》在审议指控方面的总体原则;就防止儿童由于提出申诉而遭报复的措施提出建议;采取性别敏感的方法;保障儿童在对影响到其本人的诉讼中发表意见的权利;补充委员会报告的职责,使它能够呼吁相关机构支持各国就其建议采取的后续行动,包括解决暴力侵害儿童的根本原因。