award既可以做动词,又可以做名词。除了我们常见的“授予”外,在法律英语中,更为常见的含义是仲裁裁决”或“(陪审团核定损害赔偿金的)裁决”等
award
n.
①仲裁裁决
②核定损害赔偿金的陪审团的裁决。
v.
(以司法裁决或通过正式程序)裁定;授予;判给
常见搭配
award by court 经法院裁定
award in final 终局裁决
award in interference 优先权裁决
award of contract 签订合同
award made in writing 书面裁决
例 The cases are similar to the successful little old lady who won $ 2. 7 million in damages against McDonald's—after she dropped her coffee cup in her car and burned herself. These lawsuits are also the basis for the mega-buck awards won against tobacco companies across the US.
【参考译文】这几例案件颇似那起成功的小老太太诉麦 当劳并贏得270万美元损害赔偿一案。事情的原委是这样的, 那位女士在她的汽车里失手掉下了她的咖啡杯并烫伤了自己。 这些诉讼也是裁定全美烟草公司支付巨额赔偿的依据。
例 Since the rise of the tort of negligence, the law of tort places great emphasis on the need to prove fault. The aim here is to compensate for wrongs suffered through the fault of another person. Damages will usually only be awarded in tort if the claimant can establish fault.
【参考译文】 自从过失侵权制度岀现以来,侵权法侧重于 对过错的证明。目的在于弥补他人基于过错造成的损害。通 常只有在原告证明被告存往过错时,法庭才会判给原告侵权损 害赔偿金。
此外,award, decision, judgment, sentence,verdict, decree, ruling和disposition均有裁定判决的含义。此处作简单区分:
decision 为通用词汇,如arbitral decision (仲裁裁决)或judicial decision (司法判决)等;
award专指仲裁裁决;
judgment用于诉讼案件,其可指民事判决,也可用于指刑事判决,尤其是指结果为赦免、撤销原判、驳回上诉等不科处刑罚之判决;
sentence的中心含义为科刑( inflicting punishment on the convicted ),故其只限于指刑事判决,且为处以刑罚之判决,如是无罪开释则应用其他词,如decision或judgment来表示;
verdict是指陪审团作出的有关事实的裁决;
decree是指法院根据衡平法上的权利所作的裁定,故多用于指衡平法院、海事法院以及继承和离婚法院所作的判决或裁定;
ruling多指在诉讼中就动议所作出的裁决以及为解释法律、法令、法规、条例等而作出裁定;
disposition在民事上多指法官就某事项或动议的裁定,等于judge's ruling,其更多用于刑事案件方面,指科刑,如probation is often a desirable disposition (缓刑常为一种可取的法官裁决),此外,还常用作对未成年罪犯的判决,指科刑或给予其他规定的外罚
参考
《元照英美法词典》
《英汉法律用语大辞典》(第2版)
《法律英语核心术语:实务基础》(屈文生)