Discovery/Disclosure
二者在诉讼法中均有让对方知晓证据的含义。
discovery(证据开示)(等同 documentary discovery)主要适用于民事诉讼程序,具有强制性,由法院主持进行,主要形式包括: interrogatories(书面询问对方当事人)、depositions(书面诘问证人)、 requests for admissions(事实确认请求)以及requests for production(出示证据请求)。
disclosure(证据披露)过去多用于刑事案件,由控方向被告方展示某些情况,特定情况下被告方也会向控方披露情况,此种披露多不带强制性,但如控方所占有的证据能帮助被告人进行护,根据正当程序规则,该证据必须向被告方披露。
在当今的民事程序改革浪潮中,英国大法官( Lord Woolf)在其“司法审判参与权”(Access to Justice)报告中建议在民事诉讼程序中用disclosure替换 discovery,以避免无限制地要求证据开示而导致诉讼的拖延。总体说来,民事诉讼中的 disclosure应比其在刑事诉讼中的原含义更具强制性,披露的事项由法律规定而不是像证据开示那样由当事人随意要求。
Discovery
n.
证据开示(指法院通知一方当事人,让其了解对方当事人或证人所知道的事实,以便准备庭审的一种程序),披露,被披露的事实(或文件)发现,被发现物
Discovery abuse滥用证据开示
Discovery disclosure自动披露,强制披露
Discovery immunity证据开示豁免权(指按制定法之规定,某些文件资料享有不予开示的权利)
Discovery policy期内索赔制保险单(指致使被保险人承担民事损害赔偿责任之事件必须发生在保单规定的追溯期后,且针对该责任事件提出的索赔请求必须发生在保单规定的有效期内,保险公司才承担赔偿责任
Discovery rule发现规则(即时效始于发现伤害之时之规则,指侵权诉讼,尤其是医疗事故诉讼时效应从受害人发现或应当发现伤害时起算,其主观起算点将时效开始的时间确定在受害人对损害及义务人的认知上
Discovery scope证据开示的范围(其涉及被搜集的案件资料的完整性以及诉讼各方获得这些证据资料的可能性
Discovery value发现价值
Discovery and inspection of documents(遗失)文据的发现和审査
Discovery and occupation发现和先占(主权国家获得领土的一种方法)
英文释义:
1. The act or process of finding or learning something that was previously unknown <after making the discovery, the inventor immediately applied for a patent>.
2. Compulsory disclosure, at a party s request, of information that relates to the litigation <the plaintiff filed a motion to compel discovery>.
3. The facts or documents disclosed <the new associate spent all her time reviewing discovery>.
The pretrial phase of a lawsuit during which depositions, interrogatories, and other forms of discovery are conducted.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
Disclosure
n.
揭发,披露,揭露,自动披露,强制披露,(专利)信息披露书,(专利的)公布,告知,通知,证据披露
Disclosure Document Program[美]文件披露程序(美国专利商标局提供一种文件,发明人可利用其以书面方式将发明描述出并寄专利局盖印保管,作为日后证明其初步构思之证明略为DDP)
Disclosure label[加](纺织品)说明标签
Disclosure mechanism披露机制
Disclosure principle披露原则(指企业实体必须向顾客披露重要事实的原则)
Disclosure statement(附同协议一起的)借贷情况披露表(包括费用年利率、支付期等)
Disclosure by parties(为防止欺诈)双方当事人相互披露(重要事实)
英文释义:
1. The act or process of making known something that was previously unknowns a revelation of facts .
2. The mandatory divulging of information to a litigation opponent according to procedural rules.
3. Patents. A document explaining how an invention works in sufficient detail for one skilled in the art to be able to understand and duplicate the invention; everything revealed about an invention in the patent application, including drawings, descriptions, specifications,references to prior art, and claims.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
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