Executive privilege 行政官员豁免权

指根据宪法分权原则赋予行政官员的一种特权。它免除行政官员公开某些情况的义务。这种免除是为保持政府运行而必须处理高度重要的行政职责时所必需的。它不仅是免除公开军事和外交秘密的义务，还包括免除公开政府各部门间有关国内事务的决策的文件的义务。

Executive privilege is the right of the president of the United States and other members of the executive branch to maintain confidential communications under certain circumstances within the executive branch and to resist some subpoenas and other oversight by the legislative and judicial branches of government in pursuit of particular information or personnel relating to those confidential communications. The right comes into effect when revealing information would impair governmental functions. Neither executive privilege nor the oversight power of Congress is explicitly mentioned in the United States Constitution. 以下为相关例句，以加深对其的理解：

例句1

However, the Supreme Court of the United States has ruled that executive privilege and congressional oversight each are a consequence of the doctrine of the separation of powers, derived from the supremacy of each branch in its own area of Constitutional activity.

但是，美国最高法院裁定，行政官员豁免权和国会监督都是三权分立学说的结果，源于每个部门在其各自的宪法活动领域的至高无上地位。

例句2

Generally speaking, presidents, congresses and courts have historically tended to sidestep open confrontations through compromise and mutual deference in view of previous practice and precedents regarding the exercise of executive privilege.

总的来说，鉴于以往关于行使行政官员豁免权的做法和先例，总统、国会和法院历来倾向于通过妥协和相互尊重来回避公开对抗。