“By-laws”可译为“章程”，“By-laws of the Company”即“公司章程”。

可先看一下by-law在Wikipedia上的解释：A by-law (bye-law, by(e)law, by(e) law) is a rule or law established by an organization or community to regulate itself, as allowed or provided for by some higher authority. The higher authority, generally a legislature or some other government body, establishes the degree of control that the by-laws may exercise. By-laws may be established by entities such as a business corporation, a neighborhood association, or depending on the jurisdiction, a municipality.

说起“公司章程”我们更常见的是Articles of Association，By-laws和Articles of Association，两者都可以指公司章程。但是也存在一些细微的差别。

If your company were a building, articles of association would be the concrete foundations. By-laws would be the structure built over the contract. Your articles establish your corporation by registering basic information with the state. The by-laws detail how your company operates and are often far more complex. Some states may designate a different name for the articles, such as calling them a charter.

简单来说，By-Laws 是指内部管理章程，主要包括公司的组织架构，股东会、董事会、监事会的职权等公司内部管理事项。而Articles of Association 是指公司的设立章程，主要内容包括设立公司的名称、地址、经营范围、股东以及股份等公司设立时确定的基本事项。

在一些法律文书中，二者经常并列出现，以使行文更加严谨。如：

Perform any other activities consistent with this Charter, the Company's articles and by-laws and governing law, as the Committee or the Board deems necessary or appropriate.

开展符合本章程、本公司章程细则及附例以及委员会或董事会认为必要或适当 的管辖法律的任何其他活动。

以上。