根据《英美法律术语双解》一书中对于circuit court 的定义:
A specific tribunal that possesses the legal authority to hear cases within its own geographical territory. The following cases are heard in circuit court:
felony trials;
civil lawsuits seeking injunctions, equitable relief, or damages in excess of $25,000;
domestic relations matters;
adoptions;
child protection proceedings;
juvenile delinquency proceedings;
emancipation of minors;
waiver of parental consent to an abortion;
personal proction orders;
name changes; amd
guardianships or conservatorships arising out of protective proceedings, delinquency proceedings, or domestic relations custody cases.
Each circuit court has superintending control over the district and probate courts in its circuit.
(拥有在其地理区域内审理案件的法定权力的特定法庭。
巡回法庭审理下列案件:
重罪审判;
要求超过 25,000 美元的禁令、衡平法救济或损害赔偿的民事诉讼;
国内关系事宜;
收养;
儿童保护程序;
少年犯罪诉讼;
未成年人解放;
放弃父母对堕胎的同意;
个人保护令;
名称变更; 和
由保护程序、犯罪程序或家庭关系监护案件引起的监护或照管。
每个巡回法院对其巡回法院的地区和遗嘱认证法院都有监督控制权。)
根据该释义,circuit court 就是“巡回法院”之意。在英美法中,巡回法院是一个十分常见的术语,指的是根据地理位置,为方便管理和诉讼,分设在不同区域内的法院。巡回法院因其职能,也常被称为“上诉法院”,相当于我国的中级法院,但区别在于它不直接审理一审案件。
美国联邦法院将全国50个州划分为13个审判区域,即设置了13个巡回法院,每个巡回法院都下辖数个地区法院。
【双语例句】
Rather, courts should require only a “preponderance of the evidence” to rebut the presumption of validity” (FTC, 2003a, p. 8). The increase in the number of patent applications and the relaxation of patentability standards, has led to a proliferation of “poor quality” patents in some countries. This trend has been fuelled in the US by the pro-patent trend inaugurated in 1982 with the creation of a Federal Circuit Court specialised in intellectual property cases (Jaffe and Lerner, 2004, p. 10).
相反,法院应该只要求具备‘优势证据’即可反驳 对合法性的假定。”(联邦贸易委员会, 2003a,p.8)专利申请量的提高以及可专利性标准 的放松,使得在一些国家出现了“低 质量” 专利蔓延的趋势 。 1982 年,随着专门处理知识产权案件的联邦巡回法院的成立,美国开始支持专利的趋势推动了这一趋势(Jaffe 和 Lerner,2004 年,第 10 页)。