Capital Expenditure 资本性支出

资本性支出是指通过它所取得的财产或劳务的效益；可以给予多个会计期间所发生的那些支出。因此，这类支出应予以资本化，先计入资产类科目，然后，再分期按所得到的效益，转入适当的费用科目。

在企业的经营活动中，供长期使用的、其经济寿命将经历许多会计期间的资产如：固定资产、无形资产、递延资产等都要作为资本性支出。即先将其资本化，形成固定资产、无形资产、递延资产等。而后随着他们为企业提供的效益，在各个会计期间转销为费用。如：固定资产的折旧、无形资产、递延资产的摊销等。

Capital expenditures (CapEx) are funds used by a company to acquire, upgrade, and maintain physical assets such as property, plants, buildings, technology, or equipment. CapEx is often used to undertake new projects or investments by a company. Making capital expenditures on fixed assets can include repairing a roof (if the useful life of the roof is extended), purchasing a piece of equipment, or building a new factory. This type of financial outlay is made by companies to increase the scope of their operations or add some future economic benefit to the operation.

例句1

CapEx can tell you how much a company invests in existing and new fixed assets to maintain or grow its business. Put differently, CapEx is any type of expense that a company capitalizes or shows on its balance sheet as an investment rather than on its income statement as an expenditure.

资本性支出可以告诉你一个公司在现有的和新的固定资产上投资多少来维持或发展它的业务。换句话说，资本性支出是任何一种费用，公司将其资本化或在资产负债表上显示为投资，而不是在损益表上显示为支出。

例句2

The amount of capital expenditures a company is likely to have depends on the industry. Some of the most capital-intensive industries have the highest levels of capital expenditures, including oil exploration and production, telecommunications, manufacturing, and utility industries.

一家公司可能拥有的资本性支出金额取决于行业。一些资本最密集的行业资本性支出水平最高，包括石油勘探和生产、电信、制造和公用事业行业。

例句3

You can also calculate capital expenditures by using data from a company's income statement and balance sheet. On the income statement, find the amount of depreciation expense recorded for the current period. On the balance sheet, locate the current period's property, plant, and equipment line-item balance.

你也可以使用公司损益表和资产负债表中的数据来计算资本性支出。在损益表上，找到本期记录的折旧费用金额。在资产负债表上，找到当前期间的财产、工厂和设备行项目余额。

例句4

Unlike capital expenditures, operating expenses can be fully deducted from the company's taxes in the same year in which the expenses occur.

与资本性支出不同，运营费用可以在费用发生的当年从公司的税收中全额扣除。

相关知识拓展：

资本性支出和收益性支出的划分

资本性支出是收益性支出或成本性支出的对称。它是指企业单位发生、其效益及于两个或两个以上会计年度的各项支出，包括构成固定资产、无形资产、递延资产的支出。例如，购置运输设备的支出，由于运输设备能使用于几个年度，其支出应记入“固定资产”科目。运输设备的支出，按其损耗程度，通过计提折旧分年摊入各年成本、费用。这个会计处理方法，称为折旧或摊销。把支出记作资产的办法，称为资本化。

资本性支出不同于成本性支出，前者由各受益年度的营业收入分摊负担，后者全部由当年营业收入补偿。区分资本性支出和成本性支出，是为了正确反映资产的价值和正确计算各年损益。如把资本性支出作为收益性支出，结果是少计了资产价值，多计了当年费用，虚减当年利润；反之，则多计了资产价值，少计了当年费用，虚增当年利润。在实际工作中，为了简化会计处理，有时把小于一定金额的资本性支出，也作为成本性支出处理。

划分资本性支出与收益性支出原则要求在会计核算中首先将资本性支出与收益性支出加以区分，然后将收益性支出计入费用账户，作为当期损益列入损益表；将资本性支出计入资产账户，作为资产列入资产负债表。前者称为支出费用化；后者叫做支出资本化。资本化的支出随着每期对资产的耗费，按照受益原则和耗费比例通过转移、折旧和摊销等方法，逐渐转化为费用。