If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgement, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.

第一步：断句

If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, /and realized that it was a sign that child was growing /up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgement, /they would not be so hurt, /and therefore would not drive the child into opposition/ by resenting and resisting it.

第二步：翻译

做父母的如果对这种青少年的反应有所准备，而且认为这是一个标志，标志着孩子正在成长，正在培养珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力，那么父母们就不会感到如此伤心，所以也就不会有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面上去。

1. it 本身指代前面一个句子，如果翻译成“它”就过于抽象；如果翻译成一个句子，又过于具体，所以，我们找到了中文里可以代替一个句子的汉字“这”。

2. it was a sign that...这是一个同位语从句，翻译为“这是一种标志，标志着...”.

第三步：重读

做父母的如果对这种青少年的反应有所准备，而且认为这是一个标志，标志着孩子正在成长，正在培养珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力，那么父母们就不会感到如此伤心，所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面上去。

分析

by resenting and resisting it在句中应该是一个原因状语，要提到前面翻译。

参考

《十二天突破英汉翻译》（笔译篇）武峰