Company Law of the People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国公司法

Promulgating Institution: Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

Document Number:  Order No. 42 of the President of the People's Republic of China

Promulgating Date:         10/27/2005

Effective Date:        01/01/2006

颁布机关:       全国人民代表大会常务委员会

文    号:     中华人民共和国主席令第四十二号

颁布时间:       10/27/2005

实施时间:       01/01/2006

Text

正文

Order of the President of the People's Republic of China

No. 42

The Company Law of the People's Republic of China has been revised and adopted at the 18th session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on 27 October 2005. The revised Company Law of the People's Republic of China is hereby promulgated, and shall take effect as of 1 January 2006.

Hu Jintao, President of the People's Republic of China

27 October 2005

中华人民共和国主席令

第四十二号

《中华人民共和国公司法》已由中华人民共和国第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议于2005年10月27日修订通过,现将修订后的《中华人民共和国公司法》公布,自2006年1月1日起施行。

中华人民共和国主席 胡锦涛

2005年10月27日

Company Law of the People's Republic of China

 

(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on 29 December 1993; First Amendment Made According to the Decision on Revising the "Company Law of the People's Republic of China" Adopted by the 13th Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth People's Congress held on 25 December 1999; Second Amendment Made According to the Decision on Revising the "Company Law of the People's Republic of China" Adopted by the 11th Session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress held on 28 August 2004; Revised at the 18th Session of the Tenth National People's Congress on 27 October 2005)

中华人民共和国公司法

(1993年12月29日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议通过 根据1999年12月25日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十三次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国公司法〉的决定》第一次修正 根据2004年8月28日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国公司法〉的决定》第二次修正 2005年10月27日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议修订)

Contents

 

Chapter 1: General Provisions

Chapter 2: Establishment and Organizational Structure of a Limited Liability Company

   Section 1: Establishment

   Section 2: Organizational Structure

   Section 3: Special Provisions on One-Person Limited Liability Companies

   Section 4: Special Provisions on Wholly State-Owned Companies

Chapter 3: Equity Transfer of a Limited Liability Company

Chapter 4: Establishment and Organizational Structure of a Joint Stock Company

   Section 1: Establishment

   Section 2: General Board of Shareholders

   Section 3: Board of Directors; Managers

   Section 4: Board of Supervisors

   Section 5: Special Provisions on the Organizational Structure of a Listed Company

Chapter 5: Issuance and Transfer of Shares Held in a Joint Stock Company

   Section 1: Issuance of Shares

   Section 2: Transfer of Shares

Chapter 6: Qualifications and Obligations of the Directors, Supervisors, and Senior Management Personnel of a Company

Chapter 7: Corporate Bonds

Chapter 8: Finance and Accounting of a Company

Chapter 9: A Company's Merger or Division or Its Increase or Decrease of Registered Capital

Chapter 10: Dissolution and Liquidation of a Company

Chapter 11: Branches of a Foreign Company

Chapter 12: Legal Liability

Chapter 13: Supplementary Provisions

   目录

   第一章 总则

   第二章 有限责任公司的设立和组织机构

   第一节 设立

   第二节 组织机构

   第三节 一人有限责任公司的特别规定

   第四节 国有独资公司的特别规定

   第三章 有限责任公司的股权转让

   第四章 股份有限公司的设立和组织机构

   第一节 设立

   第二节 股东大会

   第三节 董事会、经理

   第四节 监事会

   第五节 上市公司组织机构的特别规定

   第五章 股份有限公司的股份发行和转让

   第一节 股份发行

   第二节 股份转让

   第六章 公司董事、监事、高级管理人员的资格和义务

   第七章 公司债券

   第八章 公司财务、会计

   第九章 公司合并、分立、增资、减资

   第十章 公司解散和清算

   第十一章 外国公司的分支机构

   第十二章 法律责任

   第十三章 附则

Chapter 1: General Provisions

第一章 总则

  Article 1   This Law is formulated to regulate the organization and activities of companies, protect the legitimate rights and interests of companies, shareholders, and creditors, maintain the social and economic orders, and facilitate the development of the socialist market economy.

    第一条 为了规范公司的组织和行为,保护公司、股东和债权人的合法权益,维护社会经济秩序,促进社会主义市场经济的发展,制定本法。

  Article 2   For the purposes of this Law, a company shall mean a limited liability company or a joint stock company established within the territory of the People's Republic of China in accordance with this Law.

    第二条 本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司。

  Article 3   A company is an enterprise legal person with independent legal person property and is entitled to the legal person property rights. It shall, with all its assets, bear liability for its debts. The shareholders of a limited liability company shall bear liability for the company to the extent of their own subscribed capital contribution. The shareholders of a joint stock company shall bear liability for the company to the extent of their respective subscribed shares.

    第三条 公司是企业法人,有独立的法人财产,享有法人财产权。公司以其全部财产对公司的债务承担责任。

   有限责任公司的股东以其认缴的出资额为限对公司承担责任;股份有限公司的股东以其认购的股份为限对公司承担责任。

  Article 4   The shareholders of a company shall, in accordance with the law, be entitled to capital proceeds, to participate in making important decisions, and to elect management personnel, etc.

    第四条 公司股东依法享有资产收益、参与重大决策和选择管理者等权利。

  Article 5   A company shall, when engaging in business activities, abide by the laws and administrative regulations, observe social moralities and business ethics, act in good faith, accept the supervision of the Government and the social public, and undertake social responsibilities.

The lawful rights and interests of a company shall be protected by the law, and shall not be infringed.

    第五条 公司从事经营活动,必须遵守法律、行政法规,遵守社会公德、商业道德,诚实守信,接受政府和社会公众的监督,承担社会责任。

   公司的合法权益受法律保护,不受侵犯。

  Article 6   In establishing a company, an application for establishment registration shall be filed with the relevant company registration authority in accordance with the law. If the application meets the establishment conditions provided for in this Law, the company registration authority shall register the proposed entity as a limited liability company or a joint stock company; otherwise, the proposed entity shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a joint stock company.

Where laws or administrative regulations specify that the establishment of a company shall be subject to approval, the relevant approval formalities shall be gone through in accordance with the law prior to the registration of the company.

The general public may apply to company registration authorities to inquire on company registration matters, and company registration authorities shall provide the inquiry services.

    第六条 设立公司,应当依法向公司登记机关申请设立登记。符合本法规定的设立条件的,由公司登记机关分别登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司;不符合本法规定的设立条件的,不得登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司。

   法律、行政法规规定设立公司必须报经批准的,应当在公司登记前依法办理批准手续。

   公众可以向公司登记机关申请查询公司登记事项,公司登记机关应当提供查询服务。

  Article 7   Company registration authorities shall issue business licenses for companies to the companies established under the law. The date of issuance of a business license for a company shall be the date of establishment of the company.

The business license for a company shall state therein such matters as the name, domicile, registered capital, actual paid-up capital, business scope, and the name of the legal representative, etc.

Where any of the matters stated in the company business license is changed, the company shall go through the formalities for change of registration in accordance with the law, and the company registration authority shall issue a new business license to replace the old one.

    第七条 依法设立的公司,由公司登记机关发给公司营业执照。公司营业执照签发日期为公司成立日期。

   公司营业执照应当载明公司的名称、住所、注册资本、实收资本、经营范围、法定代表人姓名等事项。

   公司营业执照记载的事项发生变更的,公司应当依法办理变更登记,由公司登记机关换发营业执照。

  Article 8   A limited liability company established under this Law shall include the characters "有限责任公司" (limited liability company) or "有限公司" (company limited) in its company name.

A joint stock company established under this Law shall include the characters "股份有限公司" or "股份公司" (both meaning joint stock company) in its company name.

    第八条 依照本法设立的有限责任公司,必须在公司名称中标明有限责任公司或者有限公司字样。

   依照本法设立的股份有限公司,必须在公司名称中标明股份有限公司或者股份公司字样。

  Article 9   Where a limited liability company changes to a joint stock company, such change shall meet the requirements for a joint stock company provided for in this Law. Where a joint stock company changes to a limited liability company, such change shall meet the requirements for a limited liability company provided for in this Law.

Whether a limited liability company changes to a joint stock company or a joint stock company changes to a limited liability company, the creditor's rights and debts of the company before the change shall be succeeded to by the company formed after the change.

    第九条 有限责任公司变更为股份有限公司,应当符合本法规定的股份有限公司的条件。股份有限公司变更为有限责任公司,应当符合本法规定的有限责任公司的条件。

   有限责任公司变更为股份有限公司的,或者股份有限公司变更为有限责任公司的,公司变更前的债权、债务由变更后的公司承继。

  Article 10   The location of the principal office of a company shall be its domicile.

    第十条 公司以其主要办事机构所在地为住所。

  Article 11   To establish a company, the company's articles of association must be formulated in accordance with the law. The articles of association shall be binding on the company, shareholders, directors, supervisors, and senior management personnel.

    第十一条 设立公司必须依法制定公司章程。公司章程对公司、股东、董事、监事、高级管理人员具有约束力。

  Article 12   The business scope of a company shall be specified in its articles of association, and shall be registered in accordance with the law. A company may modify its articles of association to change its scope of business, which shall be subject to going through the formalities for change of registration.

Where any item in the business scope of a company shall be subject to approval in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, approval shall be obtained pursuant to the law for such item.

    第十二条 公司的经营范围由公司章程规定,并依法登记。公司可以修改公司章程,改变经营范围,但是应当办理变更登记。

   公司的经营范围中属于法律、行政法规规定须经批准的项目,应当依法经过批准。

  Article 13   The legal representative of a company shall, pursuant to the provisions of the company's articles of association, be assumed by the chairman, an executive director, or a manager, and shall be registered in accordance with the law. Change of the legal representative of the company shall be subject to going through the formalities for change of registration.

    第十三条 公司法定代表人依照公司章程的规定,由董事长、执行董事或者经理担任,并依法登记。公司法定代表人变更,应当办理变更登记。

  Article 14   A company may establish branch companies. The establishment of a branch company shall be subject to filing an application for registration with the relevant company registration authority and obtaining a business license. A branch company does not have the legal person capacity, and its civil liability shall be borne by the parent company.

A company may establish subsidiary companies. Subsidiary companies have the legal person capacity, and shall independently bear civil liability in accordance with the law.

    第十四条 公司可以设立分公司。设立分公司,应当向公司登记机关申请登记,领取营业执照。分公司不具有法人资格,其民事责任由公司承担。

   公司可以设立子公司,子公司具有法人资格,依法独立承担民事责任。

  Article 15   A company may invest in other enterprises. However, it shall not become a capital-contributing party that bears joint and several liability for the debts of the enterprises that it invests in, unless otherwise specified by the law.

    第十五条 公司可以向其他企业投资;但是,除法律另有规定外,不得成为对所投资企业的债务承担连带责任的出资人。

  Article 16   Where a company invests in another enterprise or provides guarantee for others, the investment or guarantee shall, in accordance with the provisions of the company's articles of association, be subject to the resolution of the meeting of the board of directors, board of shareholders, or general board of shareholders. If any limit on the total amount of investments or guarantees or any limit on the amount of a single investment or guarantee is provided for in the company's articles of association, the investment or guarantee shall not exceed the limit.

Where a company provides guarantee for a shareholder or the actual controller of the company, such guarantee shall be subject to the resolution of the board of shareholders or the general board of shareholders.

Neither a shareholder specified in the preceding paragraph nor a shareholder that is dominated by the actual controller specified in the preceding paragraph is permitted to participate in the voting for the matters specified in the preceding paragraph. Such voting shall be subject to adoption by the other shareholders that are present at the meeting and represent more than half of the voting rights.

    第十六条 公司向其他企业投资或者为他人提供担保,依照公司章程的规定,由董事会或者股东会、股东大会决议;公司章程对投资或者担保的总额及单项投资或者担保的数额有限额规定的,不得超过规定的限额。

   公司为公司股东或者实际控制人提供担保的,必须经股东会或者股东大会决议。

   前款规定的股东或者受前款规定的实际控制人支配的股东,不得参加前款规定事项的表决。该项表决由出席会议的其他股东所持表决权的过半数通过。

  Article 17   A company shall protect the lawful rights and interests of its employees, conclude labor contracts with them, participate in the social insurance system, and reinforce the labor protection for them so as to realize safe production.

The company shall adopt various forms to reinforce the provision of vocational education and job training to its staff members to improve their professional qualifications.

    第十七条 公司必须保护职工的合法权益,依法与职工签订劳动合同,参加社会保险,加强劳动保护,实现安全生产。

   公司应当采用多种形式,加强公司职工的职业教育和岗位培训,提高职工素质。

  Article 18   Organization by the staff members of a company of a labor union shall be in compliance with the Labor Union Law of the People's Republic of China, and shall be for the purpose of carrying out labor union activities and maintaining the employees' lawful rights and interests. The company shall provide, to the labor union of its own, the necessary conditions for carrying out activities. The labor union of the company shall, in accordance with the law, conclude a collective contract with the company in connection with such matters as the remuneration, working hours, benefits, insurance, labor safety, and sanitation, on behalf of the employees.

A company shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and other relevant laws, implement democratic management through a general meeting of representatives of the staff members or other forms.

A company shall, when making a decision on change of its form or any major issue concerning its business operation, or on formulating important rules and regulations, listen to the opinions of its labor union, and to the opinions and suggestions of its staff members through the representative meeting of the staff members or other forms.

    第十八条 公司职工依照《中华人民共和国工会法》组织工会,开展工会活动,维护职工合法权益。公司应当为本公司工会提供必要的活动条件。公司工会代表职工就职工的劳动报酬、工作时间、福利、保险和劳动安全卫生等事项依法与公司签订集体合同。

   公司依照宪法和有关法律的规定,通过职工代表大会或者其他形式,实行民主管理。

   公司研究决定改制以及经营方面的重大问题、制定重要的规章制度时,应当听取公司工会的意见,并通过职工代表大会或者其他形式听取职工的意见和建议。

  Article 19   According to the Constitution of the Communist Party of China, an organization of the Communist Party of China ("CPC") shall be established in a company to carry out activities of the CPC. The company shall provide the necessary conditions for the activities of the organization of the CPC.

    第十九条 在公司中,根据中国共产党章程的规定,设立中国共产党的组织,开展党的活动。公司应当为党组织的活动提供必要条件。

  Article 20   The shareholders of a company shall abide by the laws, administrative regulations, and the company's articles of association, and shall exercise the shareholder's rights in accordance with the law. A shareholder shall not harm the interests of the company or other shareholders by abusing that shareholder's rights, nor shall the shareholder harm the interests of the creditors of the company by abusing the independent legal person status of the company or by abusing the shareholder's limited liabilities.

Any shareholder of a company that has caused any loss to the company or to other shareholders by abusing that shareholder's rights shall be subject to the liability for compensation in accordance with the law.

Where any shareholder of a company evades the debts by abusing the independent legal person status of the company or by abusing the shareholder's limited liabilities, thereby harming the interests of the creditors of the company, the shareholder shall be jointly and severally liable for the debts of the company.

    第二十条 公司股东应当遵守法律、行政法规和公司章程,依法行使股东权利,不得滥用股东权利损害公司或者其他股东的利益;不得滥用公司法人独立地位和股东有限责任损害公司债权人的利益。

   公司股东滥用股东权利给公司或者其他股东造成损失的,应当依法承担赔偿责任。

   公司股东滥用公司法人独立地位和股东有限责任,逃避债务,严重损害公司债权人利益的,应当对公司债务承担连带责任。

  Article 21   The controlling shareholders, actual holders, directors, supervisors, and senior management personnel of a company shall not make use of the affiliation to harm the interests of the company.

Anyone that causes any loss to the company by violating the preceding paragraph shall be subject to the liability for compensation.

    第二十一条 公司的控股股东、实际控制人、董事、监事、高级管理人员不得利用其关联关系损害公司利益。

   违反前款规定,给公司造成损失的,应当承担赔偿责任。

  Article 22   Where a resolution of the board of shareholders, general board of shareholders, or the board of directors violates laws or administrative regulations, that resolution shall be invalid.

Where the procedures for the convening of or the voting method for a meeting of the board of shareholders, general board of shareholders, or board of directors violate laws, administrative regulations, or the company's articles of association, or where a resolution violates the articles of association, the shareholders may, within 60 days of the date on which the resolution is made, file a request with a people's court to cancel it.

Where a shareholder files an action in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a people's court may, at the request of the company, require the shareholder to provide corresponding guarantee.

Where a company has gone through the formalities for change of registration according to a resolution of the board of shareholders, the general board of shareholders, or the meeting of the board of directors, and a people's court declares the resolution invalid or cancels the resolution, the company shall file an application with the relevant company registration authority for cancellation of the change of registration.

    第二十二条 公司股东会或者股东大会、董事会的决议内容违反法律、行政法规的无效。

   股东会或者股东大会、董事会的会议召集程序、表决方式违反法律、行政法规或者公司章程,或者决议内容违反公司章程的,股东可以自决议作出之日起六十日内,请求人民法院撤销。

   股东依照前款规定提起诉讼的,人民法院可以应公司的请求,要求股东提供相应担保。

   公司根据股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议已办理变更登记的,人民法院宣告该决议无效或者撤销该决议后,公司应当向公司登记机关申请撤销变更登记。

Chapter 2: Establishment and Organizational Structure of a Limited Liability Company

Section 1: Establishment

第二章 有限责任公司的设立和组织机构

第一节 设立

  Article 23   The establishment of a limited liability company shall meet the following conditions:

(1) The number of shareholders meets the quorum;

(2) The amount of capital contributions paid by the shareholders reaches the statutory minimum amount of capital;

(3) The shareholders jointly formulate the company's articles of association;

(4) The company has a name, and its organization meets the requirement for a limited liability company; and

(5) The company has a domicile.

    第二十三条 设立有限责任公司,应当具备下列条件:

   (一)股东符合法定人数;

   (二)股东出资达到法定资本最低限额;

   (三)股东共同制定公司章程;

   (四)有公司名称,建立符合有限责任公司要求的组织机构;

   (五)有公司住所。

  Article 24   The establishment of a limited liability company shall be subject to the capital contribution by not more than 50 shareholders.

    第二十四条 有限责任公司由五十个以下股东出资设立。

  Article 25   The articles of association of a limited liability company shall set forth the following matters:

(1) Name and domicile of the company;

(2) Business scope of the company;

(3) Registered capital of the company;

(4) Names of the shareholders;

(5) Form, amount, and schedule of capital contributions made by the shareholders;

(6) Organization of the company and the methods of formation, functions and powers, and rules of procedure thereof;

(7) Legal representative of the company; and

(8) Any other matter deemed as necessary to be specified, according to the shareholders' meetings.

The shareholders shall affix their signatures and seals to the company's articles of association.

    第二十五条 有限责任公司章程应当载明下列事项:

   (一)公司名称和住所;

   (二)公司经营范围;

   (三)公司注册资本;

   (四)股东的姓名或者名称;

   (五)股东的出资方式、出资额和出资时间;

   (六)公司的机构及其产生办法、职权、议事规则;

   (七)公司法定代表人;

   (八)股东会会议认为需要规定的其他事项。

   股东应当在公司章程上签名、盖章。

  Article 26   The registered capital of a limited liability company shall be the total amount of capital contributions subscribed by all the shareholders as registered at the relevant company registration authority. The aggregate amount of the first capital contribution made by all the shareholders shall not be less than 20 percent of the registered capital, nor shall it be less than the statutory minimum amount of registered capital. The remaining capital contributions shall be paid up in full by the shareholders within two years from the day when the company is established, or may be paid up in full within five years, in the case of an investment company.

The minimum amount of registered capital of a limited liability company shall be RMB30,000. If any law or administrative regulation specifies a higher minimum amount of registered capital for a limited liability company, the provisions of that law or administrative regulation shall prevail.

    第二十六条 有限责任公司的注册资本为在公司登记机关登记的全体股东认缴的出资额。公司全体股东的首次出资额不得低于注册资本的百分之二十,也不得低于法定的注册资本最低限额,其余部分由股东自公司成立之日起两年内缴足;其中,投资公司可以在五年内缴足。

   有限责任公司注册资本的最低限额为人民币三万元。法律、行政法规对有限责任公司注册资本的最低限额有较高规定的,从其规定。

  Article 27    A shareholder may make capital contributions in the form of currency, or alternatively may make capital contributions with such valuated non-currency property as physical items, intellectual property rights, and land use rights that may be evaluated with currency and may be transferred in accordance with the law, excluding the property that shall not be used to make capital contributions as specified in laws and administrative regulations.

The non-currency property that is used to make capital contributions shall be valuated and verified, and shall not be over-valuated or under-valuated. If any law or administrative regulation contains provisions on the valuation of such property, those provisions shall prevail.

The aggregate amount of capital contributions made in currency by all the shareholders shall not be less than 30 percent of the registered capital, in the case of a limited liability company.

    第二十七条 股东可以用货币出资,也可以用实物、知识产权、土地使用权等可以用货币估价并可以依法转让的非货币财产作价出资;但是,法律、行政法规规定不得作为出资的财产除外。

   对作为出资的非货币财产应当评估作价,核实财产,不得高估或者低估作价。法律、行政法规对评估作价有规定的,从其规定。

   全体股东的货币出资金额不得低于有限责任公司注册资本的百分之三十。

  Article 28   The shareholders shall, according to the schedule, make full payment for the capital contributions that they have respectively subscribed as specified in the articles of association of the company. If a shareholder makes capital contribution in currency, the shareholder shall deposit the full amount of the capital contribution in the form of currency into the bank account opened for the limited liability company. If a shareholder makes capital contribution with non-currency property, the formalities for transfer of the property rights shall be completed pursuant to the law. A shareholder that fails to pay its capital contribution in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall, in addition to making full payment to the company, bear the liability for breach of the contract to the shareholders that have already made full payment of their capital contributions as scheduled.

    第二十八条 股东应当按期足额缴纳公司章程中规定的各自所认缴的出资额。股东以货币出资的,应当将货币出资足额存入有限责任公司在银行开设的账户;以非货币财产出资的,应当依法办理其财产权的转移手续。

   股东不按照前款规定缴纳出资的,除应当向公司足额缴纳外,还应当向已按期足额缴纳出资的股东承担违约责任。

  Article 29   The capital contributions made by shareholders shall be subject to the capital verification of a lawfully-established capital verification agency and the issuance of certification by that agency.

    第二十九条 股东缴纳出资后,必须经依法设立的验资机构验资并出具证明。

  Article 30   After a shareholder's first capital contribution has been verified by a lawfully-established capital verification agency, a representative designated, or an agent jointly authorized, by all the shareholders shall apply with the relevant company registration authority for establishment registration, by submitting a written application for company registration, the company's articles of association, the capital verification certification, and other documents.

    第三十条 股东的首次出资经依法设立的验资机构验资后,由全体股东指定的代表或者共同委托的代理人向公司登记机关报送公司登记申请书、公司章程、验资证明等文件,申请设立登记。

  Article 31   After the establishment of a limited liability company, if the actual value of any capital contribution in the form of non-currency property is found to be apparently lower than the value specified in the company's articles of association, the shareholder that has made the said capital contribution shall pay the due amount, with the other shareholders at the time of establishment of the company bearing joint and several liability.

    第三十一条 有限责任公司成立后,发现作为设立公司出资的非货币财产的实际价额显著低于公司章程所定价额的,应当由交付该出资的股东补足其差额;公司设立时的其他股东承担连带责任。

  Article 32   Upon the establishment of a limited liability company, a capital contribution certificate shall be issued to each of the shareholders.

The capital contribution certificate shall set forth the following matters:

(1) Name of the company;

(2) Date of establishment of the company;

(3) Registered capital of the company;

(4) Names of the shareholders, amount of their capital contributions, and the date on which the capital contributions are made; and

(5) Serial number and date of issuance of the capital contribution certificate.

The capital contribution certificate shall be affixed with the seal of the company.

    第三十二条 有限责任公司成立后,应当向股东签发出资证明书。

   出资证明书应当载明下列事项:

   (一)公司名称;

   (二)公司成立日期;

   (三)公司注册资本;

   (四)股东的姓名或者名称、缴纳的出资额和出资日期;

   (五)出资证明书的编号和核发日期。

   出资证明书由公司盖章。

  Article 33   A limited liability company shall prepare and make available a share register, with the following items specified therein:

(1) Names and domiciles of the shareholders;

(2) Amount of capital contributions made by each of the shareholders; and

(3) Serial number of every capital contribution certificate.

The shareholders that are recorded in the share register may exercise the shareholder's rights with the share register as the basis.

A company shall register the names of the shareholders and the amount of capital contributions at the relevant company registration authority. In the case of change of any registered item, the formalities for change of registration shall be completed. A company that fails to go through the formalities for registration or for change of registration shall not counter any third party.

    第三十三条 有限责任公司应当置备股东名册,记载下列事项:

   (一)股东的姓名或者名称及住所;

   (二)股东的出资额;

   (三)出资证明书编号。

   记载于股东名册的股东,可以依股东名册主张行使股东权利。

   公司应当将股东的姓名或者名称及其出资额向公司登记机关登记;登记事项发生变更的,应当办理变更登记。未经登记或者变更登记的,不得对抗第三人。

  Article 34   The shareholders shall have access to and be entitled to duplicate the company's articles of association, the minutes of the shareholders' meetings, resolutions of the meetings of the board of directors, resolutions of the meetings of the board of supervisors, and the financial and accounting reports of the company.

The shareholders may request to have access to the accounting books of the company. Where a shareholder so requests, a written request shall be submitted to the company, with the purposes indicated therein. If the company believes, based on justifiable grounds, that the shareholder's request to have access to the accounting books is for any improper purpose and may damage the company's lawful interests, the company may reject the request and shall, within 15 days after the shareholder submits the written request, give a written reply to the shareholder, accompanied by stating the reasons. Where the company refuses to provide such access to any of the shareholders, that shareholder may file a request with a people's court to require the company to provide the access.

    第三十四条 股东有权查阅、复制公司章程、股东会会议记录、董事会会议决议、监事会会议决议和财务会计报告。

   股东可以要求查阅公司会计账簿。股东要求查阅公司会计账簿的,应当向公司提出书面请求,说明目的。公司有合理根据认为股东查阅会计账簿有不正当目的,可能损害公司合法利益的,可以拒绝提供查阅,并应当自股东提出书面请求之日起十五日内书面答复股东并说明理由。公司拒绝提供查阅的,股东可以请求人民法院要求公司提供查阅。

  Article 35   The dividends shall be distributed to shareholders in proportion to the actual paid-up capital contributions paid by them, unless otherwise agreed upon by all the shareholders. In the event of increase of the capital of the company, the shareholders shall have the priority to subscribe capital contribution proportionate to their actual paid-up capital contributions, unless otherwise agreed upon by all the shareholders.

    第三十五条 股东按照实缴的出资比例分取红利;公司新增资本时,股东有权优先按照实缴的出资比例认缴出资。但是,全体股东约定不按照出资比例分取红利或者不按照出资比例优先认缴出资的除外。

  Article 36   After a company is established, the shareholders shall not withdraw their paid-up capital contributions.

    第三十六条 公司成立后，股东不得抽逃出资。

Section 2: Organizational Structure

第二节 组织机构

  Article 37   The board of shareholders of a limited liability company shall be composed of all the shareholders. The board of shareholders is the company's governing body, and shall exercise its powers in accordance with this Law.

    第三十七条 有限责任公司股东会由全体股东组成。股东会是公司的权力机构,依照本法行使职权。

  Article 38   The board of shareholders shall exercise the following powers:

(1) Making decisions on the company's operation guidelines and investment plans;

(2) Electing and replacing those directors and supervisors who are not the representatives of the employees, and making decisions on the matters concerning remuneration of the directors and supervisors;

(3) Approving the reports of the board of directors through deliberation;

(4) Approving the reports of the board of supervisors or those of the supervisors through deliberation;

(5) Approving the annual financial budget plans and final accounts plans of the company through deliberation;

(6) Approving the profit distribution plans and loss recovery plans of the company through deliberation;

(7) Making resolutions on the increase or decrease of the company's registered capital;

(8) Making resolutions on the issuance of corporate bonds;

(9) Making resolutions on the merger, division, dissolution, or liquidation of the company or on the conversion of the company;

(10) Modifying the company's articles of association; and

(11) Other powers specified in the articles of association.

Where all the shareholders have reached a written consensus on a matter listed in the preceding paragraph, a decision may be directly made without convening a shareholders' meeting, provided that all the shareholders shall affix their names and seals on the decision document.

    第三十八条 股东会行使下列职权:

   (一)决定公司的经营方针和投资计划;

   (二)选举和更换非由职工代表担任的董事、监事,决定有关董事、监事的报酬事项;

   (三)审议批准董事会的报告;

   (四)审议批准监事会或者监事的报告;

   (五)审议批准公司的年度财务预算方案、决算方案;

   (六)审议批准公司的利润分配方案和弥补亏损方案;

   (七)对公司增加或者减少注册资本作出决议;

   (八)对发行公司债券作出决议;

   (九)对公司合并、分立、解散、清算或者变更公司形式作出决议;

   (十)修改公司章程;

   (十一)公司章程规定的其他职权。

   对前款所列事项股东以书面形式一致表示同意的,可以不召开股东会会议,直接作出决定,并由全体股东在决定文件上签名、盖章。

  Article 39   The first shareholders' meeting shall be convened and presided over by the shareholder that has made the largest proportion of capital contributions and shall exercise its powers in accordance with this Law.

    第三十九条 首次股东会会议由出资最多的股东召集和主持,依照本法规定行使职权。

  Article 40   The shareholders' meetings are classified into regular meetings and interim meetings.

The regular meetings shall be held as scheduled under the company's articles of association. Where holding of an interim meeting is proposed by the shareholders representing more than one tenth of the voting rights, by more than one third of the directors, by the board of supervisors, or in the absence thereof in the company, the supervisors, an interim meeting shall be held.

    第四十条 股东会会议分为定期会议和临时会议。

   定期会议应当依照公司章程的规定按时召开。代表十分之一以上表决权的股东,三分之一以上的董事,监事会或者不设监事会的公司的监事提议召开临时会议的,应当召开临时会议。

  Article 41   Where a limited liability company has established a board of directors, the shareholders' meetings shall be convened by the board of directors and presided over by the chairman of the board of directors. If the said chairman is unable to or fails to perform his duties, the meetings shall be presided over by the vice chairman of the board of directors. If the vice chairman of the board of directors is unable to or fails to perform his duties, the meeting shall be presided over by a director elected jointly by more than half of all the directors.

Where a limited liability company does not have a board of directors, the shareholders' meetings shall be convened and presided over by an executive director.

If the board of directors or the executive director is unable to or fails to perform the duties of convening the shareholders' meetings, the board of supervisors or, in the absence thereof in the company, the supervisors, may convene and preside over such meetings. If the board of supervisors or the supervisor fails to convene or preside over such meetings, the shareholders representing more than one tenth of the voting rights may convene and preside over such meetings at their own discretion.

    第四十一条 有限责任公司设立董事会的,股东会会议由董事会召集,董事长主持;董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由副董事长主持;副董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由半数以上董事共同推举一名董事主持。

   有限责任公司不设董事会的,股东会会议由执行董事召集和主持。

   董事会或者执行董事不能履行或者不履行召集股东会会议职责的,由监事会或者不设监事会的公司的监事召集和主持;监事会或者监事不召集和主持的,代表十分之一以上表决权的股东可以自行召集和主持。

  Article 42   Holding a shareholders' meeting shall be subject to a prior notice to all the shareholders 15 days before the meeting is held, unless otherwise specified in the company's articles of association or otherwise agreed upon by all the shareholders.

Minutes shall be prepared by the board of shareholders for the decisions on the matters discussed at each of the shareholders' meetings and affixed with the signatures of the shareholders who have attended the meeting.

    第四十二条 召开股东会会议,应当于会议召开十五日前通知全体股东;但是,公司章程另有规定或者全体股东另有约定的除外。

   股东会应当对所议事项的决定作成会议记录,出席会议的股东应当在会议记录上签名。

  Article 43   The shareholders shall exercise their voting rights at the shareholders' meetings in proportion to their respective capital contributions, unless otherwise specified in the company's articles of association.

    第四十三条 股东会会议由股东按照出资比例行使表决权;但是,公司章程另有规定的除外。

  Article 44   The rules of procedure and voting procedure of the board of shareholders shall be set forth in the company's articles of association, unless otherwise specified in this Law.

With respect to the resolutions made at a shareholders' meeting on the amendment of the company's articles of association, increase or decrease of the registered capital and on the merger, division, dissolution, or conversion of the company, the adoption of any such resolution must be subject to the adoption by the shareholders representing more than two thirds of the voting rights.

    第四十四条 股东会的议事方式和表决程序,除本法有规定的外,由公司章程规定。

   股东会会议作出修改公司章程、增加或者减少注册资本的决议,以及公司合并、分立、解散或者变更公司形式的决议,必须经代表三分之二以上表决权的股东通过。

  Article 45   A limited liability company shall have a board of directors that is to be composed of 3 to 13 members, unless otherwise specified in Article 51 of this Law.

In the case of a limited liability company established with investment from two or more State-owned enterprises or two or more other types of State-owned investing parties, the members of its board of directors shall include the representatives of the staff members of the company; in the case of any other limited liability company, the members of its board of directors may include representatives of the staff members of the company. The representatives of the staff members in the board of directors shall be elected democratically through a general meeting of representatives of the staff members, general meeting of staff members, or other forms.

The board of directors shall have one chairman, and may have a vice chairman. The methods of determination of the chairman and vice chairman shall be specified in the company's articles of association.

    第四十五条 有限责任公司设董事会,其成员为三人至十三人;但是,本法第五十一条另有规定的除外。

   两个以上的国有企业或者两个以上的其他国有投资主体投资设立的有限责任公司,其董事会成员中应当有公司职工代表;其他有限责任公司董事会成员中可以有公司职工代表。董事会中的职工代表由公司职工通过职工代表大会、职工大会或者其他形式民主选举产生。

   董事会设董事长一人,可以设副董事长。董事长、副董事长的产生办法由公司章程规定。

  Article 46   The term of office of a director shall be specified in the company's articles of association, each of which shall not exceed three years. A term of office of a director may be renewed upon expiry thereof if he/she is re-elected.

If a new election is not commenced in a timely manner upon the expiry of a term of office of a director, or if the number of directors is less than the quorum due to the resignation of one or more directors during their term of office, such former director(s) shall remain to perform the director's duties in accordance with the provisions of laws, administrative regulations, and the company's articles of association until the newly elected director(s) assume their posts.

    第四十六条 董事任期由公司章程规定,但每届任期不得超过三年。董事任期届满,连选可以连任。

   董事任期届满未及时改选,或者董事在任期内辞职导致董事会成员低于法定人数的,在改选出的董事就任前,原董事仍应当依照法律、行政法规和公司章程的规定,履行董事职务。

  Article 47   The board of directors shall be responsible to the board of shareholders and exercise the following powers:

(1) Convening the shareholders' meetings and reporting to the board of shareholders;

(2) Executing the resolutions of the board of shareholders;

(3) Making decisions on the operation plans and investment plans of the company;

(4) Formulating the company's annual financial budget plans and final accounts plans;

(5) Formulating the company's profit distribution plans and loss recovery plans;

(6) Formulating the company's plans on the increase or decrease of registered capital, and on the issuance of corporate bonds;

(7) Formulating the company's plans on the merger, division, dissolution, or conversion of the company;

(8) Making decisions on the setup of the company's internal management body;

(9) Making decisions on the employment or dismissal of the manager of the company and matters related to his/her remuneration, and making decisions, according to the manager's nomination, on the employment or dismissal of the vice manager(s) and the personnel in charge of financial issues and matters related to their remuneration;

(10) Formulating the company's fundamental management system; and

(11) Other powers specified in the company's articles of association.

    第四十七条 董事会对股东会负责，行使下列职权:

   （一）召集股东会会议，并向股东会报告工作;

   （二）执行股东会的决议;

   （三）决定公司的经营计划和投资方案;

   （四）制订公司的年度财务预算方案、决算方案;

   （五）制订公司的利润分配方案和弥补亏损方案;

   （六）制订公司增加或者减少注册资本以及发行公司债券的方案;

   （七）制订公司合并、分立、解散或者变更公司形式的方案;

   （八）决定公司内部管理机构的设置;

   （九）决定聘任或者解聘公司经理及其报酬事项，并根据经理的提名决定聘任或者解聘公司副经理、财务负责人及其报酬事项;

   （十）制定公司的基本管理制度;

   （十一）公司章程规定的其他职权。

 

  Article 48   The meetings of the board of directors shall be convened and presided over by the chairman of the board. If the chairman is unable to or fails to perform his/her duties, the meeting shall be convened or presided over by the vice chairman of the board of directors. If the vice chairman is unable to or fails to perform his/her duties, the meeting shall be convened or presided over by a director jointly elected by more than half of all the directors.

    第四十八条 董事会会议由董事长召集和主持;董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由副董事长召集和主持;副董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由半数以上董事共同推举一名董事召集和主持。

  Article 49   The rules of procedure and voting procedure of the board of directors shall be set forth in the company's articles of association, unless otherwise specified in this Law.

Minutes shall be prepared by the board of directors for the decisions on the matters discussed [at each of the meetings of the board of directors] and affixed with the signatures of the directors who have attended the meeting.

In voting on a resolution of the board of directors, one person shall only have one vote.

    第四十九条 董事会的议事方式和表决程序,除本法有规定的外,由公司章程规定。

   董事会应当对所议事项的决定作成会议记录,出席会议的董事应当在会议记录上签名。

   董事会决议的表决,实行一人一票。

  Article 50   A limited liability company may have a manager whose employment or dismissal shall be subject to the decision of the board of directors. The manager shall be responsible to the board of directors and shall exercise the following powers:

(1) Taking charge of the management of the production and business operations of the company, and organizing the implementation of the resolutions of the board of directors;

(2) Organizing the implementation of the company's annual operation plans and investment plans;

(3) Drafting the plans on the establishment of the company's internal management body;

(4) Drafting the company's fundamental management system;

(5) Formulating the company's specific regulations;

(6) Proposing to employ or dismiss the company's vice manager(s) or personnel in charge of financial issues;

(7) Making decisions on the employment or dismissal of the persons-in-charge other than those whose employment or dismissal shall be at the decision of the board of directors; and

(8) Any other powers conferred by the board of directors.

With regard to the powers of the managers, if the company's articles of association specify otherwise, such provisions shall prevail.

The manager attends the meetings of the board of directors as a non-voting participant.

    第五十条 有限责任公司可以设经理,由董事会决定聘任或者解聘。经理对董事会负责,行使下列职权:

   (一)主持公司的生产经营管理工作,组织实施董事会决议;

   (二)组织实施公司年度经营计划和投资方案;

   (三)拟订公司内部管理机构设置方案;

   (四)拟订公司的基本管理制度;

   (五)制定公司的具体规章;

   (六)提请聘任或者解聘公司副经理、财务负责人;

   (七)决定聘任或者解聘除应由董事会决定聘任或者解聘以外的负责管理人员;

   (八)董事会授予的其他职权。

   公司章程对经理职权另有规定的,从其规定。

   经理列席董事会会议。

  Article 51   A limited liability company with relatively few shareholders or of a relatively small scale may have one executive director and no board of directors. The executive director may concurrently hold the post of manager.

The powers of the executive director shall be specified by the company's articles of association.

    第五十一条 股东人数较少或者规模较小的有限责任公司,可以设一名执行董事,不设董事会。执行董事可以兼任公司经理。

   执行董事的职权由公司章程规定。

  Article 52   A limited liability company shall have a board of supervisors that is to be composed of at least three members. However, a limited liability company with relatively few shareholders or of a relatively small scale may have one or two supervisors and no board of supervisors.

The board of supervisors shall include representatives of the shareholders and an appropriate proportion of representatives of the staff members of the company. The proportion of representatives of the staff members shall be not less than one third, and the specific proportion shall be specified in the company's articles of association. The representatives of the staff members in the board of supervisors shall be elected democratically by the staff members through a general meeting of representatives of the staff members, general meeting of staff members, or other forms.

The board of supervisors shall have one chairman who is to be elected by more than half of all the supervisors. The chairman of the board of supervisors shall convene and preside over the meetings of the board of supervisors. If the chairman is unable to or fails to perform his/her duties, the meeting shall be convened or presided over by a supervisor jointly elected by more than half of all the supervisors.

The directors or senior management personnel shall not concurrently hold the posts of supervisors.

    第五十二条 有限责任公司设监事会,其成员不得少于三人。股东人数较少或者规模较小的有限责任公司,可以设一至二名监事,不设监事会。

   监事会应当包括股东代表和适当比例的公司职工代表,其中职工代表的比例不得低于三分之一,具体比例由公司章程规定。监事会中的职工代表由公司职工通过职工代表大会、职工大会或者其他形式民主选举产生。

   监事会设主席一人,由全体监事过半数选举产生。监事会主席召集和主持监事会会议;监事会主席不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由半数以上监事共同推举一名监事召集和主持监事会会议。

   董事、高级管理人员不得兼任监事。

  Article 53   The term of office of a member of the board of supervisors shall be three years. A term of office of a supervisor may be renewed upon expiry thereof, if he/she is re-elected.

If a new election is not commenced in a timely manner upon the expiry of the term of office of a supervisor, or if the number of supervisors is less than the quorum due to the resignation of one or more supervisors during their term of office, such former supervisor(s) shall remain to perform the supervisor's duties in accordance with the provisions of laws, administrative regulations, and the company's articles of association until the newly elected supervisor(s) assume their posts.

    第五十三条 监事的任期每届为三年。监事任期届满,连选可以连任。

   监事任期届满未及时改选,或者监事在任期内辞职导致监事会成员低于法定人数的,在改选出的监事就任前,原监事仍应当依照法律、行政法规和公司章程的规定,履行监事职务。

  Article 54   The board of supervisors or, in the absence thereof in a company, the supervisors shall exercise the following powers:

(1) Conducting inspection on the financial issues of the company;

(2) Supervising the acts of the directors and senior management personnel in performing their duties, and submitting a proposal on the removal of any director or senior management personnel who violates any law or administrative regulation, the company's articles of association, or any resolution of the board of shareholders;

(3) Requiring the directors or senior management personnel to correct their acts that harm the interests of the company;

(4) Proposing to convene interim shareholders' meetings, and convening and presiding over the shareholders' meetings when the board of directors does not perform the duties of convening and presiding over the shareholders' meetings as specified in this Law;

(5) Putting forward proposals to the shareholders' meetings;

(6) Filing actions against the directors or senior management personnel in accordance with Article 152 of this Law; and

(7) Other powers specified in the company's articles of association.

    第五十四条 监事会、不设监事会的公司的监事行使下列职权:

   (一)检查公司财务;

   (二)对董事、高级管理人员执行公司职务的行为进行监督,对违反法律、行政法规、公司章程或者股东会决议的董事、高级管理人员提出罢免的建议;

   (三)当董事、高级管理人员的行为损害公司的利益时,要求董事、高级管理人员予以纠正;

   (四)提议召开临时股东会会议,在董事会不履行本法规定的召集和主持股东会会议职责时召集和主持股东会会议;

   (五)向股东会会议提出提案;

   (六)依照本法第一百五十二条的规定,对董事、高级管理人员提起诉讼;

   (七)公司章程规定的其他职权。

  Article 55   The supervisors may attend the meetings of the board of directors as non-voting participants, and may raise questions or suggestions on the matters decided by the board of directors.

The board of supervisors or, in the absence thereof in a company, the supervisors may, when discovering that the operation status of the company is abnormal, conduct investigation, and, if necessary, engage an accounting firm and others to assist with its work, with the relevant expenses borne by the company.

    第五十五条 监事可以列席董事会会议,并对董事会决议事项提出质询或者建议。

   监事会、不设监事会的公司的监事发现公司经营情况异常,可以进行调查;必要时,可以聘请会计师事务所等协助其工作,费用由公司承担。

  Article 56   The board of supervisors shall convene a meeting at least once a year, and the supervisors may propose to convene an interim meeting of the board of supervisors.

The rules of procedure and voting procedure of the board of supervisors shall be set forth in the company's articles of association, unless otherwise specified in this Law.

A resolution of the board of supervisors shall be subject to the adoption by more than half of all the supervisors.

Minutes shall be prepared by the board of supervisors for the decisions on the matters discussed [at each of the meetings of the board of supervisors and affixed with the signatures of the supervisors who have attended the meeting.

    第五十六条 监事会每年度至少召开一次会议,监事可以提议召开临时监事会会议。

   监事会的议事方式和表决程序,除本法有规定的外,由公司章程规定。

   监事会决议应当经半数以上监事通过。

   监事会应当对所议事项的决定作成会议记录,出席会议的监事应当在会议记录上签名。

  Article 57   The expenses of the board of supervisors or, in the absence thereof in a company, the supervisors for exercise of their powers shall be borne by the company.

    第五十七条 监事会、不设监事会的公司的监事行使职权所必需的费用,由公司承担。

Section 3: Special Provisions on One-Person Limited Liability Companies

第三节 一人有限责任公司的特别规定

  Article 58   The provisions of this Section shall be applicable to the establishment and organizational structure of a one-person limited liability company. In the absence of such provisions in this Section, the provisions of Sections 1 and 2 of this Chapter shall apply.

For the purposes of this Law, a one-person limited liability company shall mean a limited liability company comprising only one natural person shareholder or one legal person shareholder.

    第五十八条 一人有限责任公司的设立和组织机构,适用本节规定;本节没有规定的,适用本章第一节、第二节的规定。

   本法所称一人有限责任公司,是指只有一个自然人股东或者一个法人股东的有限责任公司。

  Article 59   The minimum amount of registered capital of a one-person limited liability company shall be RMB100,000. The shareholder shall pay up the capital contribution specified in the articles of association as a lump sum.

Investment by natural persons in the establishment of one-person limited liability companies is limited to one person one company. That one-person limited liability company is prohibited from investment in the establishment of another one-person limited liability company.

    第五十九条 一人有限责任公司的注册资本最低限额为人民币十万元。股东应当一次足额缴纳公司章程规定的出资额。

   一个自然人只能投资设立一个一人有限责任公司。该一人有限责任公司不能投资设立新的一人有限责任公司。

  Article 60   A one-person limited liability company shall indicate, in its company registration, that it is wholly owned by a natural person or a legal person, and the same shall be stated in the business license of the company.

    第六十条 一人有限责任公司应当在公司登记中注明自然人独资或者法人独资,并在公司营业执照中载明。

  Article 61   The articles of association of a one-person limited liability company shall be formulated by the shareholder.

    第六十一条 一人有限责任公司章程由股东制定。

  Article 62   A one-person limited liability company has no board of shareholders. Where the shareholder makes a decision listed in Paragraph 1 of Article 38 of this Law, the decision shall be made in writing, and shall be prepared and made available at the company after the shareholder has affixed his/her signature thereto.

    第六十二条 一人有限责任公司不设股东会。股东作出本法第三十八条第一款所列决定时,应当采用书面形式,并由股东签名后置备于公司。

  Article 63   A one-person limited liability company shall prepare financial and accounting reports at the end of every fiscal year, and the reports shall be audited by an accounting firm.

    第六十三条 一人有限责任公司应当在每一会计年度终了时编制财务会计报告,并经会计师事务所审计。

  Article 64   If the shareholder of a one-person limited liability company is unable to prove that the property of the company is independent of his/her own property, the shareholder shall bear joint and several liability for the debts of the company.

    第六十四条 一人有限责任公司的股东不能证明公司财产独立于股东自己的财产的,应当对公司债务承担连带责任。

Section 4: Special Provisions on Wholly State-Owned Companies

第四节 国有独资公司的特别规定

  Article 65   The provisions of this Section shall be applicable to the establishment and organizational structure of a wholly State-owned company. In the absence of such provisions in this Section, the provisions of Sections 1 and 2 of this Chapter shall apply.

For the purposes of this Law, a wholly State-owned company shall mean a limited liability company to which the capital contribution is solely made by the State and for which the State Council or the local people's government authorizes the State-owned assets supervision and administration authority of the people's government at the same level to perform the duties of the capital contributing party.

    第六十五条 国有独资公司的设立和组织机构,适用本节规定;本节没有规定的,适用本章第一节、第二节的规定。

   本法所称国有独资公司,是指国家单独出资、由国务院或者地方人民政府授权本级人民政府国有资产监督管理机构履行出资人职责的有限责任公司。

  Article 66   The articles of association of a wholly State-owned company shall be formulated by the relevant State-owned assets supervision and administration authority, or formulated by the board of directors and then reported to the relevant State-owned assets supervision and administration authority for approval.

    第六十六条 国有独资公司章程由国有资产监督管理机构制定,或者由董事会制订报国有资产监督管理机构批准。

  Article 67   A wholly State-owned company has no board of shareholders, and the relevant State-owned assets supervision and administration authority shall exercise the powers of a board of shareholders. The State-owned assets supervision and administration authority may authorize the board of directors of the company to exercise part of the powers of a board of shareholders and to make decisions on the important matters of the company. However, the merger, division, and dissolution of the company, increase or decrease of the registered capital, or issuance of corporate bonds must be subject to the decision of the State-owned supervision and administration authority. The merger, division, and dissolution of, or application for bankruptcy by, an important wholly State-owned company shall, after the examination and verification of the State-owned assets supervision and administration authority, be reported to the people's government at the same level for approval.

For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, an important wholly State-owned company shall be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council.

    第六十七条 国有独资公司不设股东会,由国有资产监督管理机构行使股东会职权。国有资产监督管理机构可以授权公司董事会行使股东会的部分职权,决定公司的重大事项,但公司的合并、分立、解散、增加或者减少注册资本和发行公司债券,必须由国有资产监督管理机构决定;其中,重要的国有独资公司合并、分立、解散、申请破产的,应当由国有资产监督管理机构审核后,报本级人民政府批准。

   前款所称重要的国有独资公司,按照国务院的规定确定。

  Article 68   A wholly State-owned company shall have a board of directors, and the board shall exercise its powers in accordance with Articles 47 and 67 of this Law. The term of office of a director shall not exceed three years. The members of the board shall include representatives of the staff members of the company.

The members of the board of directors shall be appointed by the relevant State-owned assets supervision and administration authority. However, the representatives of the staff members in the board of directors shall be elected by the staff members of the company through a general meeting of representatives of the staff members.

The board of directors shall have one chairman and may have a vice chairman. The chairman and vice chairman of the board shall be appointed from among the members of the board by the relevant State-owned assets supervision and administration authority. 

    第六十八条 国有独资公司设董事会,依照本法第四十七条、第六十七条的规定行使职权。董事每届任期不得超过三年。董事会成员中应当有公司职工代表。

   董事会成员由国有资产监督管理机构委派;但是,董事会成员中的职工代表由公司职工代表大会选举产生。

   董事会设董事长一人,可以设副董事长。董事长、副董事长由国有资产监督管理机构从董事会成员中指定。

  Article 69   A wholly State-owned company may have a manager, the employment or dismissal of whom shall be at the decision of the board of directors. The manager shall exercise his/her powers pursuant to the provisions of Article 50 of this Law.

Subject to the consent of the relevant State-owned assets supervision and administration authority, a member of the board of directors may concurrently hold the post of the manager.

    第六十九条 国有独资公司设经理,由董事会聘任或者解聘。经理依照本法第五十条规定行使职权。

   经国有资产监督管理机构同意,董事会成员可以兼任经理。

  Article 70   The chairman, vice chairman, and directors of the board of directors and the senior management personnel of a wholly State-owned company shall not, without the consent of the relevant State-owned assets supervision and administration authority, concurrently hold any position at any other limited liability company, joint stock company, or any other economic organization.

    第七十条 国有独资公司的董事长、副董事长、董事、高级管理人员,未经国有资产监督管理机构同意,不得在其他有限责任公司、股份有限公司或者其他经济组织兼职。

  Article 71   The board of supervisors of a wholly State-owned company shall comprise at least five members, among whom the proportion of representatives of the staff members shall not be less than one third, and the specific proportion shall be specified in the company's articles of association.

The members of the board of supervisors shall be appointed by the relevant State-owned assets supervision and administration authority. However, the representatives of the staff members in the board of supervisors shall be elected through a general meeting of representatives of the staff members.

The chairman of the board of supervisors shall be appointed from among the members of the board of supervisors by the State-owned assets supervision and administration authority.

The board of supervisors shall exercise the powers specified in Items (1) to (3) of Article 54 of this Law and the other powers provided for by the State Council.

    第七十一条 国有独资公司监事会成员不得少于五人,其中职工代表的比例不得低于三分之一,具体比例由公司章程规定。

   监事会成员由国有资产监督管理机构委派;但是,监事会成员中的职工代表由公司职工代表大会选举产生。监事会主席由国有资产监督管理机构从监事会成员中指定。

   监事会行使本法第五十四条第(一)项至第(三)项规定的职权和国务院规定的其他职权。

Chapter 3: Equity Transfer of a Limited Liability Company

第三章 有限责任公司的股权转让

  Article 72   Equity transfer, in part or in full, among shareholders of a limited liability company is permitted.

A shareholder's transfer of its equity interests to any non-shareholder party shall be subject to the consent of more than half of the other shareholders. The shareholder shall notify the other shareholders in writing of the matters on the equity transfer for their consent. Failure to reply by any of the other shareholders within 30 days upon receipt of the written notice shall be deemed as consent to the transfer. If more than half of the other shareholders do not consent to the transfer, such non-consenting shareholders shall purchase the equity interests to be transferred; failure to purchase the equity interests shall be deemed as consent to the transfer.

With respect to any equity interests to be transferred subject to the shareholders' consent, those shareholders other than the transferring party shall have the right of first refusal under the same conditions. Where two or more shareholders claim to exercise their right of first refusal, they shall determine the proportional ratio for purchase through consultation. In the event of failure to reach an agreement through such consultation, the right of first refusal shall be exercised in proportion to their respective capital contribution at the time of transfer.

Where the articles of association of a company specifies otherwise regarding the equity transfer, such other provisions shall prevail.

    第七十二条 有限责任公司的股东之间可以相互转让其全部或者部分股权。

   股东向股东以外的人转让股权,应当经其他股东过半数同意。股东应就其股权转让事项书面通知其他股东征求同意,其他股东自接到书面通知之日起满三十日未答复的,视为同意转让。其他股东半数以上不同意转让的,不同意的股东应当购买该转让的股权;不购买的,视为同意转让。

   经股东同意转让的股权,在同等条件下,其他股东有优先购买权。两个以上股东主张行使优先购买权的,协商确定各自的购买比例;协商不成的,按照转让时各自的出资比例行使优先购买权。

   公司章程对股权转让另有规定的,从其规定。

  Article 73   A people's court shall, when transferring a shareholder's equity interests pursuant to the mandatory enforcement procedures under the law, notify the company and all the shareholders that the other shareholders have the right of first refusal under the same conditions. The other shareholders that fail to exercise their right of first refusal within 20 days of the notification of that court shall be deemed to have waived their right of first refusal.

    第七十三条 人民法院依照法律规定的强制执行程序转让股东的股权时,应当通知公司及全体股东,其他股东在同等条件下有优先购买权。其他股东自人民法院通知之日起满二十日不行使优先购买权的,视为放弃优先购买权。

  Article 74   After transfer of any equity interests pursuant to Articles 72 and 73 of this Law, the company shall nullify the capital contribution certificate of the original shareholder, and shall issue a capital contribution certificate to the new shareholder, accompanied by modifying the records on the shareholder and the capital contributions thereof in the company's articles of association and in the share register. The voting of the board of shareholders is not required for the said modification to the company's articles of association.

    第七十四条 依照本法第七十二条、第七十三条转让股权后,公司应当注销原股东的出资证明书,向新股东签发出资证明书,并相应修改公司章程和股东名册中有关股东及其出资额的记载。对公司章程的该项修改不需再由股东会表决。

  Article 75   A shareholder that votes against a resolution of the board of shareholders may, under any of the following circumstances, request the company to acquire the equity interests of that shareholder at a reasonable price:

(1) The company fails to distribute any profit to its shareholders for five consecutive years, while being consecutively profit-gaining during those five years and meeting the profit distribution conditions specified in this Law;

(2) The company is merged or divided, or it transfers its primary property; or

(3) Upon expiration of the duration of operation specified in the company's articles of association or occurrence of any other cause of dissolution specified therein, a resolution is adopted at a shareholders' meeting to modify the articles of association to the effect that the company continues to exist.

Within 60 days after the resolution of the shareholders' meeting is adopted, if the shareholder fails to reach an agreement with the company on the acquisition of the equity interests, the shareholder may file an action with a people's court within 90 days after the resolution of the shareholders' meeting is adopted.

    第七十五条 有下列情形之一的,对股东会该项决议投反对票的股东可以请求公司按照合理的价格收购其股权:

   (一)公司连续五年不向股东分配利润,而公司该五年连续盈利,并且符合本法规定的分配利润条件的;

   (二)公司合并、分立、转让主要财产的;

   (三)公司章程规定的营业期限届满或者章程规定的其他解散事由出现,股东会会议通过决议修改章程使公司存续的。

   自股东会会议决议通过之日起六十日内,股东与公司不能达成股权收购协议的,股东可以自股东会会议决议通过之日起九十日内向人民法院提起诉讼。

  Article 76   After the death of a natural person shareholder, the lawful successor thereof may succeed to the shareholder capacity, unless otherwise specified in the company's articles of association.

    第七十六条 自然人股东死亡后,其合法继承人可以继承股东资格;但是,公司章程另有规定的除外。

Chapter 4: Establishment and Organizational Structure of a Joint Stock Company

Section 1: Establishment

第四章 股份有限公司的设立和组织机构

第一节 设立

  Article 77   The establishment of a joint stock company shall be subject to satisfaction of the following conditions:

(1) The number of sponsors meets the quorum requirement;

(2) The share capital subscribed and raised by the sponsors reaches the statutory minimum amount of capital;

(3) The issuance of shares and the preparatory work conform to the provisions of law;

(4) The company's articles of association is formulated by the sponsors, or is adopted at the founding meeting if the company is established by means of share offer;

(5) The company has a name, and has established an organization that conforms to the requirements for a joint stock company; and

(6) The company has a domicile.

    第七十七条 设立股份有限公司,应当具备下列条件:

   (一)发起人符合法定人数;

   (二)发起人认购和募集的股本达到法定资本最低限额;

   (三)股份发行、筹办事项符合法律规定;

   (四)发起人制订公司章程,采用募集方式设立的经创立大会通过;

   (五)有公司名称,建立符合股份有限公司要求的组织机构;

   (六)有公司住所。

  Article 78   A joint stock company can be established through sponsorship or share offer.

Establishment of a company through sponsorship shall mean establishment by the sponsors of a company through subscribing all of the shares that shall be issued by the company.

Establishment of a company through share offer shall mean establishment by the sponsors of a company through subscribing part of the shares that shall be issued by the company and offering the remaining shares to the public or directed offering of the same.

    第七十八条 股份有限公司的设立,可以采取发起设立或者募集设立的方式。

   发起设立,是指由发起人认购公司应发行的全部股份而设立公司。

   募集设立,是指由发起人认购公司应发行股份的一部分,其余股份向社会公开募集或者向特定对象募集而设立公司。

  Article 79   To establish a joint stock company, there shall be not less than two but not more than 200 sponsors, of whom more than half shall have a domicile within the territory of China.

    第七十九条 设立股份有限公司,应当有二人以上二百人以下为发起人,其中须有半数以上的发起人在中国境内有住所。

  Article 80   The sponsors of a joint stock company shall be responsible for the preparatory work of the company.

They shall conclude a sponsors' agreement to clarify their respective rights and obligations during the course of establishment of the company.

    第八十条 股份有限公司发起人承担公司筹办事务。

   发起人应当签订发起人协议,明确各自在公司设立过程中的权利和义务。

  Article 81   Where a joint stock company is established through sponsorship, the registered capital thereof shall be the total amount of share capital subscribed by all the sponsors as registered at the relevant company registration authority. The aggregate amount of the first capital contribution made by all the sponsors shall not be less than 20 percent of the registered capital, and the remaining capital contribution shall be paid up in full by the sponsors within two years from the day when the company is established, or may be paid up in full within five years, in the case of an investment company. Before the capital contribution is fully paid up, offering shares to others shall be prohibited.

Where a joint stock company is established through share offer, the registered capital thereof shall be the actual total paid-up share capital registered at the relevant company registration authority.

The minimum amount of registered capital for a joint stock company shall be RMB5 million. If any law or administrative regulation provides for a higher minimum amount of registered capital for a joint stock company, the provisions of that law or administrative regulation shall prevail.

    第八十一条 股份有限公司采取发起设立方式设立的,注册资本为在公司登记机关登记的全体发起人认购的股本总额。公司全体发起人的首次出资额不得低于注册资本的百分之二十,其余部分由发起人自公司成立之日起两年内缴足;其中,投资公司可以在五年内缴足。在缴足前,不得向他人募集股份。

   股份有限公司采取募集方式设立的,注册资本为在公司登记机关登记的实收股本总额。

   股份有限公司注册资本的最低限额为人民币五百万元。法律、行政法规对股份有限公司注册资本的最低限额有较高规定的,从其规定。

  Article 82   The articles of association of a joint stock company shall set forth the following matters:

(1) Name and domicile of the company;

(2) Business scope of the company;

(3) Form of establishment of the company;

(4) Total shares, price per share, and registered capital of the company;

(5) Names of the sponsors, number of shares they have subscribed, and forms and schedule of their capital contributions;

(6) Composition, functions and powers, and rules of procedure of the board of directors;

(7) Legal representative of the company;

(8) Composition, functions and powers, and rules of procedure of the board of supervisors;

(9) Methods for distributing the profits of the company;

(10) Causes for dissolution, and methods for liquidation, of the company;

(11) Methods for making notification and public announcement by the company; and

(12) Any other matter deemed as necessary to be specified, according to the general meetings of shareholders.

    第八十二条 股份有限公司章程应当载明下列事项:

   (一)公司名称和住所;

   (二)公司经营范围;

   (三)公司设立方式;

   (四)公司股份总数、每股金额和注册资本;

   (五)发起人的姓名或者名称、认购的股份数、出资方式和出资时间;

   (六)董事会的组成、职权和议事规则;

   (七)公司法定代表人;

   (八)监事会的组成、职权和议事规则;

   (九)公司利润分配办法;

   (十)公司的解散事由与清算办法;

   (十一)公司的通知和公告办法;

   (十二)股东大会会议认为需要规定的其他事项。

  Article 83   The provisions of Article 27 of this Law shall be applicable to the forms of capital contribution of sponsors.

    第八十三条 发起人的出资方式,适用本法第二十七条的规定。

  Article 84   Where a joint stock company is established through sponsorship, the sponsors shall subscribe, in writing, the full amount of shares to be subscribed under the company's articles of association. The full amount of capital contribution shall be paid up immediately, in the case of paying by a lump sum; or the first installment of capital contribution shall be made immediately, in the case of paying by installments. Where capital contribution is made with non-currency property, the sponsor concerned shall go through the formalities for transfer of its property rights in accordance with the law.

In the event of a sponsor's failure to make capital contributions in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, that sponsor shall bear the liability for breach of contract pursuant to the sponsors' agreement.

After the sponsors pay up their first capital contributions, a board of directors and a board of supervisors shall be elected. The board of directors shall apply with the relevant company registration authority for establishment registration by submitting the company's articles of association, the capital verification certificate issued by a lawfully-established capital verification agency, and other documents specified by laws and administrative regulations.

    第八十四条 以发起设立方式设立股份有限公司的,发起人应当书面认足公司章程规定其认购的股份;一次缴纳的,应即缴纳全部出资;分期缴纳的,应即缴纳首期出资。以非货币财产出资的,应当依法办理其财产权的转移手续。

   发起人不依照前款规定缴纳出资的,应当按照发起人协议承担违约责任。

   发起人首次缴纳出资后,应当选举董事会和监事会,由董事会向公司登记机关报送公司章程、由依法设定的验资机构出具的验资证明以及法律、行政法规规定的其他文件,申请设立登记。

  Article 85   Where a joint stock company is established through share offer, the shares subscribed by the sponsors shall not be less than 35 percent of the total shares in the company. However, if any law or administrative regulation specifies otherwise, the provisions of that law or regulation shall prevail.

    第八十五条 以募集设立方式设立股份有限公司的,发起人认购的股份不得少于公司股份总数的百分之三十五;但是,法律、行政法规另有规定的,从其规定。

  Article 86   Sponsors' public offering of shares must be subject to publicizing a prospectus and prepare a share subscription form. The share subscription form shall state the items listed in Article 87 of this Law. The subscribers shall fill in the number and value of their subscribed shares and their domiciles, accompanied by affixing their signatures or seals. The subscribers shall pay for the shares according to the number of their subscribed shares.

    第八十六条 发起人向社会公开募集股份，必须公告招股说明书，并制作认股书。认股书应当载明本法第八十七条所列事项，由认股人填写认购股数、金额、住所，并签名、盖章。认股人按照所认购股数缴纳股款。

  Article 87   The prospectus shall be accompanied by the company's articles of association formulated by the sponsors and shall set forth the following matters:

(1) Number of shares subscribed by the sponsors;

(2) Par value and issuing price of each share;

(3) Total number of bearer stocks issued;

(4) Purposes of the funds raised;

(5) Rights and obligations of the subscribers; and

(6) Commencement and ending dates for the public share offer concerned and a statement that the subscribers may withdraw their subscribed shares if the shares are not fully subscribed upon the expiry of the share offer.

    第八十七条 招股说明书应当附有发起人制订的公司章程，并载明下列事项:

   （一）发起人认购的股份数;

   （二）每股的票面金额和发行价格;

   （三）无记名股票的发行总数;

   （四）募集资金的用途;

   （五）认股人的权利、义务;

   （六）本次募股的起止期限及逾期未募足时认股人可以撤回所认股份的说明。

  Article 88   The sponsors' public share offer shall be underwritten by a lawfully-established securities company, and an underwriting agreement shall be concluded.

    第八十八条 发起人向社会公开募集股份,应当由依法设立的证券公司承销,签订承销协议。

  Article 89   The sponsors' public share offer shall be subject to conclusion of an agreement with a bank to collect payments for shares on their behalf.

The bank shall, pursuant to the agreement, collect and store the payments for shares on the sponsors' behalf and issue receipts to the subscribers that have made the payments. The bank shall also be obligated to present the certification of payments to the relevant authorities.

    第八十九条 发起人向社会公开募集股份,应当同银行签订代收股款协议。

   代收股款的银行应当按照协议代收和保存股款,向缴纳股款的认股人出具收款单据,并负有向有关部门出具收款证明的义务。

  Article 90    The payments for the issued shares must, after being fully made, be subject to capital verification and issuance of a certification by a lawfully-established capital verification agency. Within 30 days after the payments for the shares are fully made, the sponsors shall convene a meeting to found the company. The attendees at the founding meeting shall comprise the sponsors and subscribers.

If the issued shares are not fully subscribed upon the expiry of the time limit specified in the prospectus, or if the sponsors fail to convene a founding meeting within 30 days after the payments for the issued shares are fully made, the subscribers may require the sponsors to refund their payments for shares plus interest calculated on the basis of the bank deposit interest rate for that corresponding period.

    第九十条 发行股份的股款缴足后,必须经依法设立的验资机构验资并出具证明。发起人应当自股款缴足之日起三十日内主持召开公司创立大会。创立大会由发起人、认股人组成。

   发行的股份超过招股说明书规定的截止期限尚未募足的,或者发行股份的股款缴足后,发起人在三十日内未召开创立大会的,认股人可以按照所缴股款并加算银行同期存款利息,要求发起人返还。

  Article 91   The sponsors shall notify every subscriber of the date of the founding meeting or make a public announcement on the meeting date 15 days before the meeting is held. Only when the sponsors and subscribers representing more than half of the total shares are present may the founding meeting be held. The attendees at the founding meeting shall exercise the following powers:

(1) Deliberating the sponsors' report on the company establishment preparatory work;

(2) Adopting the company's articles of association;

(3) Electing the members of the board of directors;

(4) Electing the members of the board of supervisors;

(5) Examining and verifying the expenses incurred for the establishment of the company;

(6) Examining and verifying the valuation of the property contributed by the sponsors in lieu of payments for the shares; and

(7) Reaching a resolution not to establish the company, as permitted in the occurrence of any force majeure or major change to the operating conditions to directly affect the establishment of the company.

The reaching of a resolution on any of the matters listed in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to adoption by the subscribers that are present at the meeting and represent more than half of the voting rights.

    第九十一条 发起人应当在创立大会召开十五日前将会议日期通知各认股人或者予以公告。创立大会应有代表股份总数过半数的发起人、认股人出席,方可举行。

   创立大会行使下列职权:

   (一)审议发起人关于公司筹办情况的报告;

   (二)通过公司章程;

   (三)选举董事会成员;

   (四)选举监事会成员;

   (五)对公司的设立费用进行审核;

   (六)对发起人用于抵作股款的财产的作价进行审核;

   (七)发生不可抗力或者经营条件发生重大变化直接影响公司设立的,可以作出不设立公司的决议。

   创立大会对前款所列事项作出决议,必须经出席会议的认股人所持表决权过半数通过。

  Article 92   The sponsors and subscribers shall not withdraw their share capital after making payments for the shares or otherwise making capital contributions with non-currency property, except where the issued shares are not fully subscribed within the time limit, the sponsors fail to convene the founding meeting as scheduled, or the founding meeting reaches a resolution not to establish a company.

    第九十二条 发起人、认股人缴纳股款或者交付抵作股款的出资后,除未按期募足股份、发起人未按期召开创立大会或者创立大会决议不设立公司的情形外,不得抽回其股本。

  Article 93   The board of directors shall, within 30 days after the founding meeting ends, file an application for establishment registration with the relevant company registration authority by submitting the following documents:

(1) Written application for company registration;

(2) Minutes of the founding meeting;

(3) Articles of association of the company;

(4) Capital verification certificate;

(5) Appointment documents and identity certifications for the legal representative, directors, and supervisors;

(6) Certifications for the sponsors to certify their legal person or natural person status; and

(7) Certification on the domicile of the company.

In the case of public offering of shares by a joint stock company established through share offer, submission of the approval document issued by the securities regulatory body of the State Council to the relevant company registration authority is also required.

    第九十三条 董事会应于创立大会结束后三十日内,向公司登记机关报送下列文件,申请设立登记:

   (一)公司登记申请书;

   (二)创立大会的会议记录;

   (三)公司章程;

   (四)验资证明;

   (五)法定代表人、董事、监事的任职文件及其身份证明;

   (六)发起人的法人资格证明或者自然人身份证明;

   (七)公司住所证明。

   以募集方式设立股份有限公司公开发行股票的,还应当向公司登记机关报送国务院证券监督管理机构的核准文件。

  Article 94   After the establishment of a joint stock company, if a sponsor fails to make full payments for the capital contributions as specified in the company's articles of association, that sponsor shall pay the due amount, and the other sponsors shall bear joint and several liability.

After the establishment of a joint stock company, if the actual price of the non-currency property used as capital contribution for the establishment of the company is found to be obviously lower than the price specified in the company's articles of association, the sponsor that has made the said capital contribution shall pay the difference, and the other sponsors shall bear joint and several liability.

    第九十四条 股份有限公司成立后,发起人未按照公司章程的规定缴足出资的,应当补缴;其他发起人承担连带责任。

   股份有限公司成立后,发现作为设立公司出资的非货币财产的实际价额显著低于公司章程所定价额的,应当由交付该出资的发起人补足其差额;其他发起人承担连带责任。

  Article 95   The sponsors of a joint stock company shall bear:

(1) the joint and several liability for the debts and expenses resulting from the activities for establishing the company, in the event of failure to establish the company;

(2) the joint and several liability for refunding the subscribers' payments for shares plus interest calculated on the basis of the bank deposit interest rate for that corresponding period, in the event of failure to establish the company; and

(3) the liability for compensation to the company, in the event that the company's interests are harmed due to the negligence of the sponsors during the course of establishment of the company.

    第九十五条 股份有限公司的发起人应当承担下列责任:

   (一)公司不能成立时,对设立行为所产生的债务和费用负连带责任;

   (二)公司不能成立时,对认股人已缴纳的股款,负返还股款并加算银行同期存款利息的连带责任;

   (三)在公司设立过程中,由于发起人的过失致使公司利益受到损害的,应当对公司承担赔偿责任。

  Article 96   Where a limited liability company converts to a joint stock company, the total actual paid-up capital shall not be more than the company's total net assets. Where a limited liability company converts to a joint stock company, the public offering of shares for capital increase purpose shall be conducted in accordance with the law.

    第九十六条  有限责任公司变更为股份有限公司时,折合的实收股本总额不得高于公司净资产额。有限责任公司变更为股份有限公司,为增加资本公开发行股份时,应当依法办理。

  Article 97   A joint stock company shall prepare and make available, at the company, its articles of association, share register, counterfoils of the corporate bonds, minutes of the general meetings of shareholders, minutes of the meetings of the board of directors, minutes of the meetings of the board of supervisors, and financial and accounting reports.

    第九十七条 股份有限公司应当将公司章程、股东名册、公司债券存根、股东大会会议记录、董事会会议记录、监事会会议记录、财务会计报告置备于本公司。

  Article 98   The shareholders shall have access to the company's articles of association, share register, counterfoils of the corporate bonds, minutes of the general meetings of shareholders, minutes of the meetings of the board of directors, minutes of the meetings of the board of supervisors, and financial and accounting reports. They shall also be entitled to submit proposals or raise questions concerning the business operation of the company.

    第九十八条 股东有权查阅公司章程、股东名册、公司债券存根、股东大会会议记录、董事会会议决议、监事会会议决议、财务会计报告,对公司的经营提出建议或者质询。

Section 2: General Board of Shareholders

第二节 股东大会

  Article 99   The general board of shareholders of a joint stock company shall be composed of all the shareholders. The general board of shareholders is the company's governing body, and shall exercise its powers in accordance with this Law.

    第九十九条 股份有限公司股东大会由全体股东组成。股东大会是公司的权力机构,依照本法行使职权。

  Article 100   The provisions on the powers of the board of shareholders of a limited liability company in Paragraph 1 of Article 38 of this Law shall be applicable to the general board of shareholders of a joint stock company.

    第一百条 本法第三十八条第一款关于有限责任公司股东会职权的规定,适用于股份有限公司股东大会。

  Article 101   The general board of shareholders shall hold an annual meeting every year. An interim general meeting of shareholders shall be held within two months in the event of any of the following circumstances:

(1) The number of directors is less than two thirds of the number specified in this Law or the company's articles of association;

(2) The unrecovered losses of the company amount to one third of the total actual paid-up share capital;

(3) Holding of the meeting is requested by one shareholder that holds, or more than one shareholder that totally hold, at least ten percent stake in the company;

(4) The board of directors deems it necessary to hold the meeting;

(5) Holding of the meeting is proposed by the board of supervisors; or

(6) Other circumstances set forth in the company's articles of association.

    第一百零一条 股东大会应当每年召开一次年会。有下列情形之一的,应当在两个月内召开临时股东大会:

   (一)董事人数不足本法规定人数或者公司章程所定人数的三分之二时;

   (二)公司未弥补的亏损达实收股本总额三分之一时;

   (三)单独或者合计持有公司百分之十以上股份的股东请求时;

   (四)董事会认为必要时;

   (五)监事会提议召开时;

   (六)公司章程规定的其他情形。

  Article 102   The general meetings of shareholders shall be convened by the board of directors and presided over by the chairman of the board. If the chairman is unable to or fails to perform his/her duties, the meeting shall be presided over by the vice chairman of the board of directors. If the vice chairman is unable to or fails to perform his/her duties, the meeting shall be presided over by a director jointly elected by more than half of all the directors.

If the board of directors is unable to or fails to perform its duty of convening the general meetings of shareholders, the board of supervisors shall convene and preside over such meetings in a timely manner. If the board of supervisors fails to convene or preside over such meetings, one shareholder that holds, or more than one shareholder that totally hold, at least ten percent stake in the company for at least 90 consecutive days may convene and preside over such meetings at their own discretion.

    第一百零二条 股东大会会议由董事会召集,董事长主持;董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由副董事长主持;副董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由半数以上董事共同推举一名董事主持。

   董事会不能履行或者不履行召集股东大会会议职责的,监事会应当及时召集和主持;监事会不召集和主持的,连续九十日以上单独或者合计持有公司百分之十以上股份的股东可以自行召集和主持。

  Article 103   To convene a general meeting of shareholders, every shareholder shall be notified, 20 days before the meeting is held, of the time and venue of the meeting and the matters to be deliberated. To convene an interim general meeting of shareholders, every shareholder shall be notified 15 days before the meeting is held. Where bearer stocks are to be issued, the time and venue of the meeting and the matters to be deliberated shall be announced 30 days before the meeting is held.

One shareholder that holds, or more than one shareholder that totally hold, three percent or more stake in the company may submit an interim proposal in writing to the board of directors ten days before the general meeting of shareholders is held. The board of directors shall, within two days of its receipt of the proposal, notify the shareholders other than the aforesaid shareholder(s), and submit the said interim proposal for deliberation at the general meeting of shareholders. The contents of the interim proposal shall fall within the scope of powers of the general board of shareholders, and the proposal shall have a clear agenda and specific matters on which resolutions are to be made.

It is not permitted to make resolutions on matters that are not clearly listed in the notice mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs.

If holders of bearer stocks attend a general meeting of shareholders, they shall have their stocks kept at the company from five days before the meeting is held till the close of the meeting.

    第一百零三条 召开股东大会会议,应当将会议召开的时间、地点和审议的事项于会议召开二十日前通知各股东;临时股东大会应当于会议召开十五日前通知各股东;发行无记名股票的,应当于会议召开三十日前公告会议召开的时间、地点和审议事项。

   单独或者合计持有公司百分之三以上股份的股东,可以在股东大会召开十日前提出临时提案并书面提交董事会;董事会应当在收到提案后二日内通知其他股东,并将该临时提案提交股东大会审议。临时提案的内容应当属于股东大会职权范围,并有明确议题和具体决议事项。

   股东大会不得对前两款通知中未列明的事项作出决议。

   无记名股票持有人出席股东大会会议的,应当于会议召开五日前至股东大会闭会时将股票交存于公司。

  Article 104   A shareholder present at a general meeting of shareholders shall have one voting right for each share held by that shareholder. However, for the shares held in the company by itself, the company shall have no voting rights. Any resolution to be made by the general board of shareholders shall be subject to adoption by the shareholders that are present at the meeting and represent more than half of the voting rights. However, a resolution made at a general meeting of shareholders to modify the articles of association, increase or decrease the registered capital, merge, divide, or dissolve the company, or the conversion of the company must be subject to the adoption by the shareholders that are present at the meeting and represent more than two thirds of the voting rights.

    第一百零四条 股东出席股东大会会议,所持每一股份有一表决权。但是,公司持有的本公司股份没有表决权。

   股东大会作出决议,必须经出席会议的股东所持表决权过半数通过。但是,股东大会作出修改公司章程、增加或者减少注册资本的决议,以及公司合并、分立、解散或者变更公司形式的决议,必须经出席会议的股东所持表决权的三分之二以上通过。

  Article 105   With regard to any matter that must be subject to a resolution by the general board of shareholders as specified in this Law and the company's articles of association, such as the company's transfer of any important assets to, or acceptance of transfer of the same from, another party, or the company's provision of guarantee for an external party, the board of directors shall convene a general meeting of shareholders in a timely manner for voting on any such matter.

    第一百零五条 本法和公司章程规定公司转让、受让重大资产或者对外提供担保等事项必须经股东大会作出决议的,董事会应当及时召集股东大会会议,由股东大会就上述事项进行表决。

  Article 106   The general board of shareholders elects directors and supervisors and may, in accordance with the provisions of the company's articles of association, adopt a cumulative voting system.

For the purposes of this Law, a cumulative voting system shall mean, in the election of directors or supervisors by the general board of shareholders, the number of voting rights granted under each share is the same as the number of directors or supervisors to be elected, and the shareholders may use all of their voting rights for a single candidate.

    第一百零六条 股东大会选举董事、监事,可以依照公司章程的规定或者股东大会的决议,实行累积投票制。

   本法所称累积投票制,是指股东大会选举董事或者监事时,每一股份拥有与应选董事或者监事人数相同的表决权,股东拥有的表决权可以集中使用。

  Article 107   A shareholder may authorize a proxy to attend a general meeting of shareholders. The proxy shall submit to the company a power of attorney issued by the shareholder, and shall exercise the voting rights within the authorized scope.

    第一百零七条 股东可以委托代理人出席股东大会会议,代理人应当向公司提交股东授权委托书,并在授权范围内行使表决权。

  Article 108   Minutes shall be prepared by the general board of shareholders for the decisions on the matters discussed [at each of the meetings of the general board of shareholders] and affixed with the signatures of the chairman of the meeting and the directors who have attended the meeting. The minutes shall be kept together with the book of signatures of the shareholders that are present as well as the power of attorney documents for their proxies that are present.

    第一百零八条 股东大会应当对所议事项的决定作成会议记录,主持人、出席会议的董事应当在会议记录上签名。会议记录应当与出席股东的签名册及代理出席的委托书一并保存。

Section 3: Board of Directors; Managers

第三节 董事会、经理

  Article 109   A joint stock company shall have a board of directors that is to be composed of 5 to 19 members.

The board of directors may include representatives of the staff members of the company. The representatives of the staff members in the board of directors shall be elected democratically through a general meeting of representatives of the staff members, general meeting of staff members, or other forms.

The provisions of Article 46 of this Law regarding the term of office of directors of a limited liability company shall be applicable to the directors of a joint stock company.

The provisions of Article 47 of this Law regarding the powers of directors of a limited liability company shall be applicable to the board of directors of a joint stock company.

    第一百零九条 股份有限公司设董事会,其成员为五人至十九人。

   董事会成员中可以有公司职工代表。董事会中的职工代表由公司职工通过职工代表大会、职工大会或者其他形式民主选举产生。

   本法第四十六条关于有限责任公司董事任期的规定,适用于股份有限公司董事。

   本法第四十七条关于有限责任公司董事会职权的规定,适用于股份有限公司董事会。

  Article 110   The board of directors shall have one chairman and may have one or more vice chairmen. The chairman, vice chairman, and all the directors of the board shall be elected by more than half of all the directors.

The chairman of the board of directors shall convene and preside over the meetings of the board of directors to inspect the implementation of the resolutions of the board. The vice chairman of the board shall assist with the chairman's work. If the chairman is unable to or fails to perform his/her duties, the vice chairman shall perform the duties. If the vice chairman is unable to or fails to perform his/her duties, a director jointly elected by more than half of all the directors shall perform the duties.

    第一百一十条 董事会设董事长一人,可以设副董事长。董事长和副董事长由董事会以全体董事的过半数选举产生。

   董事长召集和主持董事会会议,检查董事会决议的实施情况。副董事长协助董事长工作,董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由副董事长履行职务;副董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由半数以上董事共同推举一名董事履行职务。

  Article 111   The board of directors shall convene at least two meetings annually, and all the directors and supervisors shall be notified ten days before the meeting is held.

Shareholders representing more than one tenth of the voting rights more than one third of the directors, or the board of supervisors may propose to convene an interim meeting of the board of directors. The chairman of the board of directors shall convene and preside over a meeting of the board of directors within ten days after receipt of the proposal.

Where an interim meeting of the board of directors is to be convened, the way and time limit of notification for convening the meeting of the board of directors may be decided separately.

    第一百一十一条 董事会每年度至少召开两次会议,每次会议应当于会议召开十日前通知全体董事和监事。

   代表十分之一以上表决权的股东、三分之一以上董事或者监事会,可以提议召开董事会临时会议。董事长应当自接到提议后十日内,召集和主持董事会会议。

   董事会召开临时会议,可以另定召集董事会的通知方式和通知时限。

  Article 112   A meeting of the board of directors may be held only when more than half of all the directors are present. A resolution of the board of directors shall be subject to adoption by more than half of all the directors.

In voting on a resolution of the board of directors, one person shall only have one vote.

    第一百一十二条 董事会会议应有过半数的董事出席方可举行。董事会作出决议,必须经全体董事的过半数通过。

   董事会决议的表决,实行一人一票。

  Article 113   The directors shall attend the meetings of the board of directors in person. Any director that is unable to attend the meeting for a certain reason may authorize another director to attend the meeting as a proxy, and the scope of authority shall be stated in the power of attorney.

Minutes shall be prepared by the board of directors for the decisions on the matters discussed at each of the meetings of the board of directors and affixed with the signatures of the directors who have attended the meeting.

The directors shall bear liability for the resolutions of the board of directors. If a resolution of the board of directors violates any law, administrative regulation, or the company's articles of association, and causes heavy losses to the company, the directors that participate in adopting the resolution shall bear the liability for compensation, except where any director is proved to have expressed his/her objection at the voting and such objection is recorded in the minutes, in which case the director may be exempted from liability.

    第一百一十三条 董事会会议,应由董事本人出席;董事因故不能出席,可以书面委托其他董事代为出席,委托书中应载明授权范围。

   董事会应当对会议所议事项的决定作成会议记录,出席会议的董事应当在会议记录上签名。

   董事应当对董事会的决议承担责任。董事会的决议违反法律、行政法规或者公司章程、股东大会决议,致使公司遭受严重损失的,参与决议的董事对公司负赔偿责任。但经证明在表决时曾表明异议并记载于会议记录的,该董事可以免除责任。

  Article 114   A joint stock company shall have a manager whose employment and dismissal are at the decision of the board of directors.

The provisions of Article 50 of this Law regarding the authorities of the manager of a limited liability company shall apply to the manager of a joint stock company.

    第一百一十四条 股份有限公司设经理,由董事会决定聘任或者解聘。

   本法第五十条关于有限责任公司经理职权的规定,适用于股份有限公司经理。

  Article 115   The board of directors of a company may decide to appoint a member of the board of directors to concurrently hold the post of the manager.

    第一百一十五条 公司董事会可以决定由董事会成员兼任经理。

  Article 116   No company may, either directly or through any of its subsidiary companies, provide loans to any director, supervisor, or senior management personnel.

    第一百一十六条 公司不得直接或者通过子公司向董事、监事、高级管理人员提供借款。

  Article 117   A company shall regularly disclose to its shareholders information on the remuneration obtained by the directors, supervisors, and senior management personnel from the company.

    第一百一十七条 公司应当定期向股东披露董事、监事、高级管理人员从公司获得报酬的情况。

Section 4: Board of Supervisors

第四节 监事会

  Article 118   A joint stock company shall have a board of supervisors that is to be composed of at least three members.

The board of supervisors shall include representatives of the shareholders and an appropriate proportion of representatives of the staff members of the company. The proportion of representatives of the staff members shall not be less than one third, and the specific proportion shall be specified in the company's articles of association. The representatives of the staff members shall be elected democratically by the staff members through a general meeting of representatives of the staff members, general meeting of staff members, or other forms.

The board of supervisors shall have one chairman and one or more vice chairmen. The chairman and vice chairman of the board of supervisors shall be elected by more than half of all the supervisors. The chairman of the board of supervisors shall convene and preside over the meetings of the board of supervisors. If the chairman of the board of supervisors is unable to or fails to perform his/her duties, the meeting may be convened or presided over by the vice chairman. If the vice chairman is unable to or fails to perform his/her duties, the meeting may be convened or presided over by a director jointly elected by more than half of all the directors.

No director or senior management personnel may concurrently hold the post of a supervisor.

The provisions on the term of office of supervisors of a limited liability company shall be applicable to the supervisors of a joint stock company.

    第一百一十八条 股份有限公司设监事会,其成员不得少于三人。

   监事会应当包括股东代表和适当比例的公司职工代表,其中职工代表的比例不得低于三分之一,具体比例由公司章程规定。监事会中的职工代表由公司职工通过职工代表大会、职工大会或者其他形式民主选举产生。

   监事会设主席一人,可以设副主席。监事会主席和副主席由全体监事过半数选举产生。监事会主席召集和主持监事会会议;监事会主席不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由监事会副主席召集和主持监事会会议;监事会副主席不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由半数以上监事共同推举一名监事召集和主持监事会会议。

   董事、高级管理人员不得兼任监事。

   本法第五十三条关于有限责任公司监事任期的规定,适用于股份有限公司监事。

  Article 119   The provisions on the powers of the board of supervisors of a limited liability company in Articles 54 and 55 of this Law shall be applicable to the board of supervisors of a joint stock company.

The expenses necessarily incurred by the board of supervisors for the exercise of its powers shall be borne by the company.

    第一百一十九条 本法第五十四条、第五十五条关于有限责任公司监事会职权的规定,适用于股份有限公司监事会。

   监事会行使职权所必需的费用,由公司承担。

  Article 120   The board of supervisors shall hold meetings at least once every six months. The supervisors may propose to convene interim meetings of the board of supervisors.

The rules of procedure and voting procedure of the board of supervisors shall be set forth in the company's articles of association, unless otherwise specified in this Law.

A resolution of the board of directors shall be subject to adoption by more than half of all the supervisors.

Minutes shall be prepared by the board of supervisors for the decisions on the matters discussed [at each of the meetings of the board of supervisors] and affixed with the signatures of the supervisors who have attended the meeting.

    第一百二十条 监事会每六个月至少召开一次会议。监事可以提议召开临时监事会会议。

   监事会的议事方式和表决程序,除本法有规定的外,由公司章程规定。

   监事会决议应当经半数以上监事通过。

   监事会应当对所议事项的决定作成会议记录,出席会议的监事应当在会议记录上签名。

Section 5: Special Provisions on the Organizational Structure of a Listed Company

第五节 上市公司组织机构的特别规定

  Article 121   For the purposes of this Law, a listed company shall mean a joint stock company of which the stocks are listed and traded in a securities exchange.

    第一百二十一条 本法所称上市公司,是指其股票在证券交易所上市交易的股份有限公司。

  Article 122   Where the value involved in a listed company's purchase or sale of any major assets or provision of a guarantee exceeds 30 percent of the total asset value of the company, a resolution shall be made by the general board of shareholders, and shall be subject to adoption by the shareholders that are present and represent more than two thirds of the voting rights.

    第一百二十二条 上市公司在一年内购买、出售重大资产或者担保金额超过公司资产总额百分之三十的,应当由股东大会作出决议,并经出席会议的股东所持表决权的三分之二以上通过。

  Article 123   A listed company shall have independent directors, and the specific measures shall be specified by the State Council.

    第一百二十三条 上市公司设立独立董事,具体办法由国务院规定。

  Article 124   A listed company shall have a secretary of its board of directors to be responsible for such matters as preparing for the general meetings of shareholders and the meetings of the board of directors, keeping documents in his/her custody, managing the data on the company's shareholders, and disclosing relevant information.

    第一百二十四条 上市公司设董事会秘书,负责公司股东大会和董事会会议的筹备、文件保管以及公司股东资料的管理,办理信息披露事务等事宜。

  Article 125   Any director that is affiliated with any enterprise involved in the matters under any resolution made at a meeting of the board of directors is not permitted to exercise the voting right for that resolution, nor may that director vote on behalf of any other person. The meeting of the board of directors may be held on condition that more than half of all the directors not affiliated with the company are present at the meeting. A resolution of the board of directors shall be subject to the adoption by more than half of all the directors not affiliated with the company. If the number of such directors that are present is less than three, the matter shall be submitted to the general board of shareholders of the listed company for deliberation.

    第一百二十五条 上市公司董事与董事会会议决议事项所涉及的企业有关联关系的,不得对该项决议行使表决权,也不得代理其他董事行使表决权。该董事会会议由过半数的无关联关系董事出席即可举行,董事会会议所作决议须经无关联关系董事过半数通过。出席董事会的无关联关系董事人数不足三人的,应将该事项提交上市公司股东大会审议。

Chapter 5: Issuance and Transfer of Shares Held in a Joint Stock Company

Section 1: Issuance of Shares

第五章 股份有限公司的股份发行和转让

第一节 股份发行

  Article 126   The capital of a joint stock company shall be divided into shares, and each share shall have the same value.

The shares of the company are represented in stocks. Stocks are certificates issued by the company to certify the shares held by the shareholders.

    第一百二十六条 股份有限公司的资本划分为股份,每一股的金额相等。

   公司的股份采取股票的形式。股票是公司签发的证明股东所持股份的凭证。

  Article 127   The issuance of shares shall be in conformity with the principles of fairness and impartiality, and each share of the same type shall enable the same rights.

With regard to stocks of the same type that are issued at the same time, the issuing conditions and price for each stock shall be the same. With regard to the shares subscribed by any organization or individual, the same price shall be paid for each of the stock.

    第一百二十七条 股份的发行,实行公平、公正的原则,同种类的每一股份应当具有同等权利。

   同次发行的同种类股票,每股的发行条件和价格应当相同;任何单位或者个人所认购的股份,每股应当支付相同价额。

  Article 128   The offering price of any stock may be at or above the par value, but shall not be below the par value.

    第一百二十八条 股票发行价格可以按票面金额,也可以超过票面金额,但不得低于票面金额。

  Article 129   Stocks shall be in paper form or in other forms specified by the securities regulatory body of the State Council.

A stock shall set forth the following major matters:

(1) Name of the company;

(2) Date of establishment of the company;

(3) Type and par value of the stock, in addition to the number of shares that it represents; and

(4) Serial number of the stock.

Stocks shall bear the signature of the legal representative and the seal of the company.

The sponsors' stocks shall be marked with the characters "发起人股票" (sponsors' stocks).

    第一百二十九条 股票采用纸面形式或者国务院证券监督管理机构规定的其他形式。

   股票应当载明下列主要事项:

   (一)公司名称;

   (二)公司成立日期;

   (三)股票种类、票面金额及代表的股份数;

   (四)股票的编号。

   股票由法定代表人签名,公司盖章。

   发起人的股票,应当标明发起人股票字样。

  Article 130   The stocks issued by a company may be either registered stocks or bearer stocks.

A stock issued by a company to any of its sponsors or to a legal person shall be a registered stock, with the name of the sponsor or legal person recorded therein. Such a stock shall not be registered under any other name or in the name of the representative.

    第一百三十条 公司发行的股票,可以为记名股票,也可以为无记名股票。

   公司向发起人、法人发行的股票,应当为记名股票,并应当记载该发起人、法人的名称或者姓名,不得另立户名或者以代表人姓名记名。

  Article 131   A company that issues registered stocks shall prepare and make available a share register, with the following recorded therein:

(1) Names and domiciles of the shareholders;

(2) Number of shares held by each shareholder;

(3) Serial numbers of the stocks held by each shareholder; and

(4) Date on which each shareholder obtains the shares;

A company that issues bearer stocks shall record the number of stocks issued, the serial numbers of the stocks, and the issuance date of each of the stocks.

    第一百三十一条 公司发行记名股票的,应当置备股东名册,记载下列事项:

   (一)股东的姓名或者名称及住所;

   (二)各股东所持股份数;

   (三)各股东所持股票的编号;

   (四)各股东取得股份的日期。

   发行无记名股票的,公司应当记载其股票数量、编号及发行日期。

  Article 132   The State Council may separately formulate provisions on the issuance of any type of shares other than the shares provided for in this Law.

    第一百三十二条 国务院可以对公司发行本法规定以外的其他种类的股份,另行作出规定。

  Article 133   Upon the establishment of a joint stock company, stocks shall be formally delivered to the shareholders. No stocks may be delivered to the shareholders prior to the establishment of the company.

    第一百三十三条 股份有限公司成立后,即向股东正式交付股票。公司成立前不得向股东交付股票。

  Article 134   Where a company issues new shares, a resolution on the following matters shall be made by the general board of shareholders:

(1) Type and number of the new shares;

(2) Offering price of the new shares;

(3) Commencement and ending dates for the issuance of the new shares; and

(4) Type and number of the new shares to be issued to the original shareholders.

    第一百三十四条 公司发行新股,股东大会应当对下列事项作出决议:

   (一)新股种类及数额;

   (二)新股发行价格;

   (三)新股发行的起止日期;

   (四)向原有股东发行新股的种类及数额。

  Article 135   When a company issues new shares to the public upon the verification and approval of the securities regulatory body of the State Council, the company must publicize the prospectus for the new shares and its financial and accounting reports, accompanied by preparing a share subscription form.

The provisions of Articles 88 and 89 of this Law shall be applicable to a company's public offering of new shares.

    第一百三十五条 公司经国务院证券监督管理机构核准公开发行新股时,必须公告新股招股说明书和财务会计报告,并制作认股书。

   本法第八十八条、第八十九条的规定适用于公司公开发行新股。

  Article 136   A company that issues new shares may, according to its operational status and financial status, make a definite plan for the pricing of the shares.

    第一百三十六条 公司发行新股,可以根据公司经营情况和财务状况,确定其作价方案。

  Article 137   A company must, after receiving all the payments for its newly issued shares, go through the formalities for change of registration with the relevant company registration authority and publicize the same.

    第一百三十七条 公司发行新股募足股款后,必须向公司登记机关办理变更登记,并公告。

Section 2: Transfer of Shares

第二节 股份转让

  Article 138   The shares held by shareholders may be transferred under the law.

    第一百三十八条 股东持有的股份可以依法转让。

  Article 139   Shareholders' transfer of their shares shall be carried out at a lawfully-established securities exchange or by other means provided for by the State Council.

    第一百三十九条 股东转让其股份,应当在依法设立的证券交易场所进行或者按照国务院规定的其他方式进行。

  Article 140   The transfer of any registered stocks shall be effected through endorsement by the shareholder or by any other means specified in the laws or administrative regulations. After the transfer, the company shall record the transferee's name and domicile in the share register.

Within 20 days before the general meeting of shareholders is held, or within five days prior to the record date determined by the company for distributing dividends, the formalities for change of registration for the share register specified in the preceding paragraph shall not be effected. However, if other provisions exist in any law regarding the change of registration of a listed company's share register, such other provisions shall prevail.

    第一百四十条 记名股票,由股东以背书方式或者法律、行政法规规定的其他方式转让;转让后由公司将受让人的姓名或者名称及住所记载于股东名册。

   股东大会召开前二十日内或者公司决定分配股利的基准日前五日内,不得进行前款规定的股东名册的变更登记。但是,法律对上市公司股东名册变更登记另有规定的,从其规定。

  Article 141   The transfer of any bearer stocks shall become valid upon the shareholder's delivery of the said stocks to the transferee.

    第一百四十一条 无记名股票的转让,由股东将该股票交付给受让人后即发生转让的效力。

  Article 142   The shares held in a company by the sponsors thereof shall not be transferred within one year of the establishment of the company. The shares issued before the company's public offering of shares shall not be transferred within one year of the date on which the stocks of the company are listed and traded at a securities exchange.

The directors, supervisors, and senior management personnel of the company shall declare, to the company, the information on their shares held in that company and the changes to the shares. The shares transferred by them each year during their term of office shall not exceed 25 percent of the total of their shares held in the company. The shares that they held in the company shall not be transferred within one year of the date on which the stocks of the company are listed and traded. Any of the aforesaid persons who has left the company shall not transfer his/her shares held in that company within six months. The company's articles of association may set forth other restrictive provisions on the transfer of the shares held by the directors, supervisors, and senior management personnel of the company.

    第一百四十二条 发起人持有的本公司股份,自公司成立之日起一年内不得转让。公司公开发行股份前已发行的股份,自公司股票在证券交易所上市交易之日起一年内不得转让。

   公司董事、监事、高级管理人员应当向公司申报所持有的本公司的股份及其变动情况,在任职期间每年转让的股份不得超过其所持有本公司股份总数的百分之二十五;所持本公司股份自公司股票上市交易之日起一年内不得转让。上述人员离职后半年内,不得转让其所持有的本公司股份。公司章程可以对公司董事、监事、高级管理人员转让其所持有的本公司股份作出其他限制性规定。

  Article 143   A company's acquisition of shares held in that company shall be prohibited, except as under any of the following circumstances:

(1) The company decreases the registered capital thereof;

(2) The company merges with another company that holds shares in the first company;

(3) The company rewards its staff members with shares; or

(4) Any shareholder of the company raises objections to a resolution made by the general board of shareholders on the merger or division of the company, and requests the company to acquire any shares held by that shareholder;

A company's acquisition, due to any of the reasons stated in Items (1) to (3) of the preceding paragraph, of any shares held in that company shall be subject to a resolution of the general board of shareholders. After a company's acquisition of any shares held in that company in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it shall deregister such shares within ten days of the date of acquisition, if the acquisition falls under the circumstance stated in Item (1); or transfer or deregister such shares within six months, if the acquisition falls under the circumstances stated in Items (2) and (4).

Where a company acquires any shares held in that company pursuant to Item (3) of paragraph 1, the shares to be acquired shall not exceed five percent of the total shares issued by that company. The funds for acquiring the shares shall be sourced from the after-tax profit of the company.

A company may not accept any pledge with its own stocks as the subject matter.

    第一百四十三条 公司不得收购本公司股份。但是,有下列情形之一的除外:

   (一)减少公司注册资本;

   (二)与持有本公司股份的其他公司合并;

   (三)将股份奖励给本公司职工;

   (四)股东因对股东大会作出的公司合并、分立决议持异议,要求公司收购其股份的。

   公司因前款第(一)项至第(三)项的原因收购本公司股份的,应当经股东大会决议。公司依照前款规定收购本公司股份后,属于第(一)项情形的,应当自收购之日起十日内注销;属于第(二)项、第(四)项情形的,应当在六个月内转让或者注销。

   公司依照第一款第(三)项规定收购的本公司股份,不得超过本公司已发行股份总额的百分之五;用于收购的资金应当从公司的税后利润中支出;所收购的股份应当在一年内转让给职工。

   公司不得接受本公司的股票作为质押权的标的。

  Article 144   Where any registered stocks are stolen, lost, or damaged, the shareholder may, pursuant to the procedure of public notice for assertion of claim provided for in the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, request a people's court to declare the stocks invalid. After the people's court has declared the stocks invalid, the said shareholder may apply to the company concerned for re-issuance of the stocks.

    第一百四十四条 记名股票被盗、遗失或者灭失,股东可以依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》规定的公示催告程序,请求人民法院宣告该股票失效。人民法院宣告该股票失效后,股东可以向公司申请补发股票。

  Article 145   The stocks for a listed company shall be listed and traded in accordance with the relevant laws, administrative regulations, and the trading rules of the securities exchange.

    第一百四十五条 上市公司的股票,依照有关法律、行政法规及证券交易所交易规则上市交易。

  Article 146   A listed company shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, publicize its financial status, operation status, and important lawsuits, and shall publish its financial and accounting reports once every six months in each accounting year.

    第一百四十六条 上市公司必须依照法律、行政法规的规定,公开其财务状况、经营情况及重大诉讼,在每会计年度内半年公布一次财务会计报告。

Chapter 6: Qualifications and Obligations of the Directors, Supervisors, and Senior Management Personnel of a Company

第六章 公司董事、监事、高级管理人员的资格和义务

  Article 147   Any one who is under any of the following circumstances is not permitted to assume the post of director, supervisor, or senior management personnel of a company:

(1) Having no or limited capacity for civil conduct;

(2) Having been sentenced to criminal penalty due to corruption, bribery, embezzlement of property, misappropriation of property, or disrupting the order of the socialist market economy, and it has not been five years since the execution of the penalty is completed; or having been deprived of political rights due to any criminal offense, and it has not been five years since the execution of the penalty is completed;

(3) Acting as a director, factory manager, or manager of a company or enterprise that is bankrupt and liquidated and is personally liable for the bankruptcy of such company or enterprise, and it has not been three years since the day when the bankruptcy liquidation of the company or enterprise is completed;

(4) Acting as the legal representative of a company or enterprise that is in violation of the law, for which its business license revoked, accompanied with close down of the company or enterprise under an order, and being personally liable for such penalties, and it has not been three years since the date of revocation of the business license of the company or enterprise; or

(5) Having a relatively large amount of debt that is due but not paid off.

If a company's election or appointment of any director or supervisor or employment of any senior management personnel is in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the election, appointment, or employment shall be invalid.

If the circumstance described in Paragraph 1 of this Article occurs to any director, supervisor, or senior management personnel during his/her term of office, the company shall remove that person from his/her post.

    第一百四十七条 有下列情形之一的,不得担任公司的董事、监事、高级管理人员:

   (一)无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力;

   (二)因贪污、贿赂、侵占财产、挪用财产或者破坏社会主义市场经济秩序,被判处刑罚,执行期满未逾五年,或者因犯罪被剥夺政治权利,执行期满未逾五年;

   (三)担任破产清算的公司、企业的董事或者厂长、经理,对该公司、企业的破产负有个人责任的,自该公司、企业破产清算完结之日起未逾三年;

   (四)担任因违法被吊销营业执照、责令关闭的公司、企业的法定代表人,并负有个人责任的,自该公司、企业被吊销营业执照之日起未逾三年;

   (五)个人所负数额较大的债务到期未清偿。

   公司违反前款规定选举、委派董事、监事或者聘任高级管理人员的,该选举、委派或者聘任无效。

   董事、监事、高级管理人员在任职期间出现本条第一款所列情形的,公司应当解除其职务。

  Article 148   The directors, supervisors, and senior management personnel shall observe the laws, administrative regulations, and the company's articles of association. They shall be obligated to be faithful and diligent to the company.

No director, supervisor, or senior management personnel may, by abusing their powers, take any bribe or other illegal gains, or encroach on the property of the company.

    第一百四十八条 董事、监事、高级管理人员应当遵守法律、行政法规和公司章程,对公司负有忠实义务和勤勉义务。

   董事、监事、高级管理人员不得利用职权收受贿赂或者其他非法收入,不得侵占公司的财产。

  Article 149   The following acts of a director or senior management personnel of a company are banned:

(1) Misappropriating funds of the company;

(2) Opening an account in his/her own name or any other individual's name and depositing the company's funds therein;

(3) Without the consent of the board of shareholders, the general board of shareholders, or the board of directors, loaning the funds of the company to others or using the company's property to provide guarantee for others, thereby violating the provisions of the company's articles of association;

(4) Concluding contracts or making deals with the company, which is in violation of the company's articles of association or without the consent of the board of shareholders or the general meeting of the shareholders;

(5) Without the consent of the board of shareholders or the general board of shareholders, seeking, for the benefit of his/her own or others, any business opportunity that is originally for the company by taking advantage of his/her powers, and operating for his/her own or for others any business that is of the same class with that of the company that he/she serves;

(6) Accepting, and keeping in his/her possession, commissions for the transactions between others and the company;

(7) Disclosing the company's secrets without authorization; or

(8) Committing other acts that violate his/her obligation of being faithful to the company.

The income that any director or senior management personnel has gained from any of the acts listed in the preceding paragraph shall be in the company's possession.

    第一百四十九条 董事、高级管理人员不得有下列行为:

   (一)挪用公司资金;

   (二)将公司资金以其个人名义或者以其他个人名义开立账户存储;

   (三)违反公司章程的规定,未经股东会、股东大会或者董事会同意,将公司资金借贷给他人或者以公司财产为他人提供担保;

   (四)违反公司章程的规定或者未经股东会、股东大会同意,与本公司订立合同或者进行交易;

   (五)未经股东会或者股东大会同意,利用职务便利为自己或者他人谋取属于公司的商业机会,自营或者为他人经营与所任职公司同类的业务;

   (六)接受他人与公司交易的佣金归为己有;

   (七)擅自披露公司秘密;

   (八)违反对公司忠实义务的其他行为。

   董事、高级管理人员违反前款规定所得的收入应当归公司所有。

  Article 150   Where any director, supervisor, or senior management personnel violates the provisions of the laws, administrative regulations, or the company's articles of association when performing his/her duties, he/she shall be liable for compensation if any loss is caused to the company.

    第一百五十条 董事、监事、高级管理人员执行公司职务时违反法律、行政法规或者公司章程的规定,给公司造成损失的,应当承担赔偿责任。

  Article 151   Where any director, supervisor, or senior management personnel is required to attend a meeting of the board of shareholders or the general board of shareholders as a non-voting participant, the director, supervisor, or senior management personnel shall do so and accept the inquiries from the shareholders.

The directors or senior management personnel shall truthfully provide the relevant information and materials to the board of supervisors or, in the absence thereof in a limited liability company, to the supervisors, and shall not hinder the board of supervisors or the supervisors from exercising their powers.

    第一百五十一条 股东会或者股东大会要求董事、监事、高级管理人员列席会议的,董事、监事、高级管理人员应当列席并接受股东的质询。

   董事、高级管理人员应当如实向监事会或者不设监事会的有限责任公司的监事提供有关情况和资料,不得妨碍监事会或者监事行使职权。

  Article 152   If any director or senior management personnel falls under any of the circumstances specified in Article 150 of this Law, the shareholder(s) of a limited liability company, or one shareholder of a joint stock company that holds, or more than one shareholder thereof that totally hold, at least one percent stake in the company for at least 180 consecutive days may submit a written request to the board of supervisors or, in the absence thereof in a limited liability company, to the supervisors, to file an action with the people's court. Where any supervisor falls under any of the circumstances specified in Article 150 of this Law, the aforesaid shareholder(s) may submit a written request to the board of directors or, in the absence thereof in a limited liability company, to the executive directors to file an action with a people's court.

Upon receipt of the shareholders' written request specified in the preceding paragraph, if the board of supervisors or, in the absence thereof in a limited liability company, the supervisors refuse to, or if the board of directors or the executive directors refuse to, file an action, or fail to file an action within 30 days after receiving the request, or fail to immediately file an action in an emergency case, thus causing damages to the interests of the company, which damages are difficult to repair, the shareholder(s) specified in the preceding paragraph may, in their own name, directly file an action with a people's court.

Where any other person infringes the lawful rights and interests of the company and causes losses thereto, the shareholder(s) specified in Paragraph 1 of this Article may file an action with a people's court pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.

    第一百五十二条 董事、高级管理人员有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的,有限责任公司的股东、股份有限公司连续一百八十日以上单独或者合计持有公司百分之一以上股份的股东,可以书面请求监事会或者不设监事会的有限责任公司的监事向人民法院提起诉讼;监事有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的,前述股东可以书面请求董事会或者不设董事会的有限责任公司的执行董事向人民法院提起诉讼。

   监事会、不设监事会的有限责任公司的监事,或者董事会、执行董事收到前款规定的股东书面请求后拒绝提起诉讼,或者自收到请求之日起三十日内未提起诉讼,或者情况紧急、不立即提起诉讼将会使公司利益受到难以弥补的损害的,前款规定的股东有权为了公司的利益以自己的名义直接向人民法院提起诉讼。

   他人侵犯公司合法权益,给公司造成损失的,本条第一款规定的股东可以依照前两款的规定向人民法院提起诉讼。

  Article 153   If any director or senior management personnel violate the provisions of the laws, administrative regulations, or the company's articles of association, thereby damaging the interests of the shareholder(s), the shareholder(s) may file an action with a people's court.

    第一百五十三条 董事、高级管理人员违反法律、行政法规或者公司章程的规定,损害股东利益的,股东可以向人民法院提起诉讼。

Chapter 7: Corporate Bonds

第七章 公司债券

  Article 154   For the purposes of this Law, corporate bonds shall mean the negotiable securities issued by the company pursuant to the statutory procedures and their principal plus interest shall be repaid within a specific time limit as agreed upon.

The issuance of corporate bonds by a company shall be in conformity with the issuing conditions provided for in the Securities Law of the People's Republic of China.

    第一百五十四条 本法所称公司债券,是指公司依照法定程序发行、约定在一定期限还本付息的有价证券。

   公司发行公司债券应当符合《中华人民共和国证券法》规定的发行条件。

  Article 155   After an application for issuing corporate bonds is approved by a department authorized by the State Council, the methods of the company for offering the bonds shall be publicized.

The methods for offering the corporate bonds shall set forth the following major matters:

(1) Name of the company;

(2) Purposes of the funds raised through issuance of the bonds;

(3) Total amount of the corporate bonds and par value thereof;

(4) Method for determining the interest rate of the bonds;

(5) Time limit and method for repaying the principal plus interest;

(6) Information on the guarantee of the bonds;

(7) Offering price of the bonds, and commencement and ending dates of the issuance;

(8) Net value of the assets of the company;

(9) Total amount of the issued corporate bonds that are not yet due; and

(10) Underwriters of the corporate bonds.

    第一百五十五条 发行公司债券的申请经国务院授权的部门核准后,应当公告公司债券募集办法。

   公司债券募集办法中应当载明下列主要事项:

   (一)公司名称;

   (二)债券募集资金的用途;

   (三)债券总额和债券的票面金额;

   (四)债券利率的确定方式;

   (五)还本付息的期限和方式;

   (六)债券担保情况;

   (七)债券的发行价格、发行的起止日期;

   (八)公司净资产额;

   (九)已发行的尚未到期的公司债券总额;

   (十)公司债券的承销机构。

  Article 156   Where a company issues corporate bonds in the form of physical bonds, such matters as the company name, par value of the bonds, interest rate, and time limit for repayment, shall be stated on the bonds, and the bonds shall be signed by the legal representative or affixed with the seal of the company.

    第一百五十六条 公司以实物券方式发行公司债券的,必须在债券上载明公司名称、债券票面金额、利率、偿还期限等事项,并由法定代表人签名,公司盖章。

  Article 157   The corporate bonds may be registered bonds or bearer bonds.

    第一百五十七条 公司债券,可以为记名债券,也可以为无记名债券。

  Article 158   Where a company issues corporate bonds, it shall prepare and make available a book of counterfoils for the corporate bonds.

If the company issues registered corporate bonds, its book of counterfoils for corporate bonds shall set forth the following matters:

(1) Names and domiciles of the bondholders;

(2) Dates on which the bondholders obtain the bonds and serial numbers of the bonds;

(3) Total value, par value, and interest rate of the bonds, as well as time limit and method for repayment of the principal plus interest; and

(4) Issuance date of the bonds.

If a company issues bearer corporate bonds, its book of counterfoils for corporate bonds shall state the total value and interest rate of the bonds, time limit and method for repayment, issuance date, and serial numbers of the bonds.

    第一百五十八条 公司发行公司债券应当置备公司债券存根簿。

   发行记名公司债券的,应当在公司债券存根簿上载明下列事项:

   (一)债券持有人的姓名或者名称及住所;

   (二)债券持有人取得债券的日期及债券的编号;

   (三)债券总额,债券的票面金额、利率、还本付息的期限和方式;

   (四)债券的发行日期。

   发行无记名公司债券的,应当在公司债券存根簿上载明债券总额、利率、偿还期限和方式、发行日期及债券的编号。

  Article 159   The registration and settlement authorities for registered corporate bonds shall establish relevant systems on the registration, custody, interest payment, and acceptance of bonds.

    第一百五十九条 记名公司债券的登记结算机构应当建立债券登记、存管、付息、兑付等相关制度。

  Article 160   Corporate bonds are transferable, and the transfer price shall be agreed upon between the transferor and the transferee.

Where corporate bonds are listed and traded at a securities exchange, they shall be transferred in accordance with the rules of the securities exchange.

    第一百六十条 公司债券可以转让,转让价格由转让人与受让人约定。

   公司债券在证券交易所上市交易的,按照证券交易所的交易规则转让。

  Article 161   The transfer of registered corporate bonds shall be effected through endorsement by the bondholder or by any other means provided for by the laws or administrative regulations. After the transfer, the company shall record the name and domicile of the transferee in its book of counterfoils for corporate bonds.

The transfer of bearer corporate bonds shall come into effect upon the bondholder's delivery of the said bonds to the transferee.

    第一百六十一条 记名公司债券,由债券持有人以背书方式或者法律、行政法规规定的其他方式转让;转让后由公司将受让人的姓名或者名称及住所记载于公司债券存根簿。

   无记名公司债券的转让,由债券持有人将该债券交付给受让人后即发生转让的效力。

  Article 162   A listed company may, subject to a resolution of the general board of shareholders, issue corporate bonds that can be converted to shares, and shall specify the specific conversion method in the company's bond offering plan. The issuance by a listed company of corporate bonds that can be converted to shares shall be subject to the verification and approval of the securities regulatory body of the State Council.

In the event of issuance of corporate bonds that can be converted to shares, such characters as "可转换公司债券" (convertible corporate bond) shall be indicated thereon, and the number of convertible bonds shall be recorded in the company's book of counterfoils for corporate bonds.

    第一百六十二条 上市公司经股东大会决议可以发行可转换为股票的公司债券,并在公司债券募集办法中规定具体的转换办法。上市公司发行可转换为股票的公司债券,应当报国务院证券监督管理机构核准。

   发行可转换为股票的公司债券,应当在债券上标明可转换公司债券字样,并在公司债券存根簿上载明可转换公司债券的数额。

  Article 163   Where any corporate bonds that can be converted to shares are issued, the company shall issue shares, by using its converting method, in exchange for the bondholders' bonds, provide that the bondholders shall have the option as to whether or not to convert their bonds.

    第一百六十三条 发行可转换为股票的公司债券的,公司应当按照其转换办法向债券持有人换发股票,但债券持有人对转换股票或者不转换股票有选择权。

Chapter 8: Finance and Accounting of a Company

第八章 公司财务、会计

  Article 164   A company shall establish its own financial and accounting systems in accordance with the laws, administrative regulations, and the provisions of the financial department of the State Council.

    第一百六十四条 公司应当依照法律、行政法规和国务院财政部门的规定建立本公司的财务、会计制度。

  Article 165   A company shall, at the end of each accounting year, prepare a financial and accounting report, which shall be audited by an accounting firm in accordance with the law.

The financial and accounting report shall be prepared in accordance with the laws, administrative regulations, and the provisions of the financial department of the State Council.

    第一百六十五条 公司应当在每一会计年度终了时编制财务会计报告,并依法经会计师事务所审计。

   财务会计报告应当依照法律、行政法规和国务院财政部门的规定制作。

  Article 166   A limited liability company shall submit the financial and accounting report to every shareholder within the time limit specified in the company's articles of association.

The financial and accounting report of a joint stock company shall be prepared and made available at the company 20 days prior to the annual meeting of the general board of shareholders for shareholders' access. A joint stock company that offers shares to the public shall publicize its financial and accounting report.

    第一百六十六条 有限责任公司应当依照公司章程规定的期限将财务会计报告送交各股东。

   股份有限公司的财务会计报告应当在召开股东大会年会的二十日前置备于本公司,供股东查阅;公开发行股票的股份有限公司必须公告其财务会计报告。

  Article 167   Where a company distributes its after-tax profit for the current year, ten percent of the profit shall be allocated to the statutory common reserve fund of the company. The company is not required to do so once the cumulative amount of the statutory common reserve fund of the company reaches 50 percent or more of the company's registered capital.

If the statutory common reserve fund of the company is not sufficient to cover its losses in the previous year, the company shall, before its allocation of the statutory common reserve fund in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, use the profit for the current year to cover the losses.

After the company draws the statutory common reserve fund from the after-tax profit, it may, subject to a resolution of the board of shareholders or the general board of shareholders, draw discretionary common reserve fund from the after-tax profit.

After having covered the losses and allocating the common reserve funds, the remaining after-tax profit shall be distributed in accordance with the provisions of Article 35 of this Law, in the case of a limited liability company; or in proportion to the shares held by the shareholders, in the case of a joint stock company, unless otherwise specified in the articles of association of the joint stock company.

Where the board of shareholders, general board of shareholders, or board of directors violates the provisions of the preceding paragraph and distributes profit before the company covers the losses and draws the statutory common reserve fund, the shareholders must return to the company the profit distributed in a way violating the provisions.

Distribution of profits for a company's shares held in that company shall be prohibited.

    第一百六十七条 公司分配当年税后利润时,应当提取利润的百分之十列入公司法定公积金。公司法定公积金累计额为公司注册资本的百分之五十以上的,可以不再提取。

   公司的法定公积金不足以弥补以前年度亏损的,在依照前款规定提取法定公积金之前,应当先用当年利润弥补亏损。

   公司从税后利润中提取法定公积金后,经股东会或者股东大会决议,还可以从税后利润中提取任意公积金。

   公司弥补亏损和提取公积金后所余税后利润,有限责任公司依照本法第三十五条的规定分配;股份有限公司按照股东持有的股份比例分配,但股份有限公司章程规定不按持股比例分配的除外。

   股东会、股东大会或者董事会违反前款规定,在公司弥补亏损和提取法定公积金之前向股东分配利润的,股东必须将违反规定分配的利润退还公司。

   公司持有的本公司股份不得分配利润。

  Article 168   Both the premium obtained by a joint stock company from the issuance of shares at a price above the par value thereof and other incomes to be allocated to the capital reserve fund of the company as required by the financial department of the State Council shall be allocated to the capital reserve fund of the company.

    第一百六十八条 股份有限公司以超过股票票面金额的发行价格发行股份所得的溢价款以及国务院财政部门规定列入资本公积金的其他收入,应当列为公司资本公积金。

  Article 169   The common reserve funds of the company shall be used to cover the losses of the company, expand the production operation of the company, or be converted to the company's increased capital. However, the capital reserve fund shall not be used to cover the losses of the company.

Where the statutory common reserve fund is converted into capital, the remainder of such common reserve fund shall not be less than 25 percent of the registered capital before it is increased.

    第一百六十九条 公司的公积金用于弥补公司的亏损、扩大公司生产经营或者转为增加公司资本。但是,资本公积金不得用于弥补公司的亏损。

   法定公积金转为资本时,所留存的该项公积金不得少于转增前公司注册资本的百分之二十五。

  Article 170   A company's engagement, or termination of its engagement, of any accounting firm undertaking the auditing for the company shall, pursuant to the provisions of the company's articles of association, be subject to the decision of the shareholders' meeting, general board of shareholders, or the board of directors.

Where the board of shareholders, general board of shareholders, or board of directors votes on the termination of the engagement of any accounting firm, the accounting firm shall be allowed to present its opinions.

    第一百七十条 公司聘用、解聘承办公司审计业务的会计师事务所,依照公司章程的规定,由股东会、股东大会或者董事会决定。

   公司股东会、股东大会或者董事会就解聘会计师事务所进行表决时,应当允许会计师事务所陈述意见。

  Article 171   A company shall provide, to its engaged accounting firm, truthful and complete accounting vouchers, account books, financial and accounting report, and other accounting materials, and may not refuse to provide or conceal any of them or make any false statements.

    第一百七十一条 公司应当向聘用的会计师事务所提供真实、完整的会计凭证、会计账簿、财务会计报告及其他会计资料,不得拒绝、隐匿、谎报。

  Article 172   A company shall not establish any account books other than the statutory account books.

No company assets may be deposited into any account opened in any individual's name.

    第一百七十二条 公司除法定的会计账簿外,不得另立会计账簿。

   对公司资产,不得以任何个人名义开立账户存储。

Chapter 9: A Company's Merger or Division or Its Increase or Decrease of Registered Capital

第九章 公司合并、分立、增资、减资

  Article 173   Merger of Companies may be in the form of either merger into an existing Company or consolidation into a new Company.

Merger into an existing company refers to a company's acceptance of other companies' incorporation into that company, with the incorporated party dissolved.

Consolidation into a new company refers to the consolidation of two or more companies into a newly established company, with all the consolidated parties dissolved.

    第一百七十三条 公司合并可以采取吸收合并或者新设合并。

   一个公司吸收其他公司为吸收合并,被吸收的公司解散。两个以上公司合并设立一个新的公司为新设合并,合并各方解散。

  Article 174   In the case of a merger of companies, the parties thereto shall conclude a merger agreement and prepare the balance sheets and a list of property. The companies shall notify the creditors within ten days after the resolution on merger is made, and shall publish an announcement in a newspaper within 30 days. Within 30 days of the receipt of the written notice or, in the case of failure to receive the written notice, within 45 days of the issuance of the public announcement, the creditors may request the company to repay the debts or provide the corresponding guaranty.

    第一百七十四条 公司合并,应当由合并各方签订合并协议,并编制资产负债表及财产清单。公司应当自作出合并决议之日起十日内通知债权人,并于三十日内在报纸上公告。债权人自接到通知书之日起三十日内,未接到通知书的自公告之日起四十五日内,可以要求公司清偿债务或者提供相应的担保。

  Article 175   In the case of a merger of companies, the credits and debts of each of the companies shall be succeeded to by the company continuing to exist after the merger or the newly established company.

    第一百七十五条 公司合并时,合并各方的债权、债务,应当由合并后存续的公司或者新设的公司承继。

  Article 176   In the case of a division of a company, the property thereof shall be divided accordingly.

The balance sheets and a list of property of the company shall be prepared for the division thereof. The company shall notify the creditors within ten days after the resolution on division is made, and shall publish an announcement in a newspaper within 30 days.

    第一百七十六条 公司分立,其财产作相应的分割。

   公司分立,应当编制资产负债表及财产清单。公司应当自作出分立决议之日起十日内通知债权人,并于三十日内在报纸上公告。

  Article 177   The companies after the division shall bear joint and several liability for the debts of the company prior to the division, unless otherwise agreed upon by the company and the creditors in a written agreement concerning the settlement of debts prior to the division.

    第一百七十七条 公司分立前的债务由分立后的公司承担连带责任。但是,公司在分立前与债权人就债务清偿达成的书面协议另有约定的除外。

  Article 178   Where it is necessary for a company to reduce its registered capital, it must prepare the balance sheets and a list of property.

The company shall notify the creditors within ten days after the resolution on the reduction of registered capital is made, and shall publish an announcement in a newspaper within 30 days. The creditors shall, within 30 days after receipt of the written notice, or within 45 days after the issuance of the public announcement in the case of failure to receive the written notice, have the right to request the company to repay the debts or provide the corresponding guaranty.

The registered capital of the company after the decrease thereof shall not be less than the statutory minimum amount.

    第一百七十八条 公司需要减少注册资本时,必须编制资产负债表及财产清单。

   公司应当自作出减少注册资本决议之日起十日内通知债权人,并于三十日内在报纸上公告。债权人自接到通知书之日起三十日内,未接到通知书的自公告之日起四十五日内,有权要求公司清偿债务或者提供相应的担保。

   公司减资后的注册资本不得低于法定的最低限额。

  Article 179   Where a limited liability company increases its registered capital, the shareholders' subscription of the capital contributions for the newly increased capital shall be subject to the relevant provisions of this Law regarding the capital contributions for the establishment of a limited liability company.

Where a limited liability company issues new shares to increase its registered capital, the shareholders' subscription of new shares shall be subject to the relevant provisions of this Law concerning the payment for shares for the establishment of a joint stock company.

    第一百七十九条 有限责任公司增加注册资本时,股东认缴新增资本的出资,依照本法设立有限责任公司缴纳出资的有关规定执行。

   股份有限公司为增加注册资本发行新股时,股东认购新股,依照本法设立股份有限公司缴纳股款的有关规定执行。

  Article 180   In the event of merger or division of a company, the formalities for change of registration shall be completed with the relevant company registration authority for the purpose of change of any registered item; the company deregistration formalities shall be completed in accordance with the law for the purpose of dissolution of the company; and the company establishment registration formalities shall be completed in accordance with the law for the purpose of establishment of any new company.

The increase or decrease of a company's registered capital shall be subject to completion of the relevant formalities for change of registration with the relevant company registration authority in accordance with the law.

    第一百八十条 公司合并或者分立,登记事项发生变更的,应当依法向公司登记机关办理变更登记;公司解散的,应当依法办理公司注销登记;设立新公司的,应当依法办理公司设立登记。

   公司增加或者减少注册资本,应当依法向公司登记机关办理变更登记。

Chapter 10: Dissolution and Liquidation of a Company

第十章 公司解散和清算

  Article 181   A company may be dissolved for any of the following reasons:

(1) The duration of operation specified in the company's articles of association expires or any of the causes of dissolution specified in the company's articles of association occurs;

(2) The board of shareholders or the general board of shareholders makes a resolution to dissolve the company;

(3) The dissolution is required by a merger or division of the company;

(4) Its business license is revoked, or it is ordered to close down or be removed, in accordance with the law; or

(5) A people's court decides to dissolve it pursuant to Article 183 of this Law.

    第一百八十一条 公司因下列原因解散:

   (一)公司章程规定的营业期限届满或者公司章程规定的其他解散事由出现;

   (二)股东会或者股东大会决议解散;

   (三)因公司合并或者分立需要解散;

   (四)依法被吊销营业执照、责令关闭或者被撤销;

   (五)人民法院依照本法第一百八十三条的规定予以解散。

  Article 182   A company under the circumstance stated in Item (1) of Article 181 of this Law may continue to exist by modifying its articles of association.

The modification of the company's articles of association in accordance with the preceding paragraph must be subject to adoption, in the case of a limited liability company, by the shareholders representing more than two thirds of the voting rights or, in the case of a joint stock company, by the shareholders that are present at the general meeting of shareholders and represent more than two thirds of the voting rights.

    第一百八十二条 公司有本法第一百八十一条第(一)项情形的,可以通过修改公司章程而存续。

   依照前款规定修改公司章程,有限责任公司须经持有三分之二以上表决权的股东通过,股份有限公司须经出席股东大会会议的股东所持表决权的三分之二以上通过。

  Article 183   Where any severe difficulty occurs to the operation management of a company, in which case the interests of the shareholders may suffer heavy losses if the company continues to exist and there is no other way to solve the problem, the shareholders representing more than ten percent of the voting rights of all the shareholders of the company may file a request with a people's court to dissolve the company.

    第一百八十三条 公司经营管理发生严重困难,继续存续会使股东利益受到重大损失,通过其他途径不能解决的,持有公司全部股东表决权百分之十以上的股东,可以请求人民法院解散公司。

  Article 184   Where a company is dissolved under Item (1), (2), (4), or (5) of Article 181 of this Law, a liquidation group shall be formed to commence the liquidation within 15 days after a cause of dissolution occurs. The liquidation group shall be composed of shareholders, in the case of a limited liability company; or shall be composed of the directors and of the candidates determined by the general board of shareholders, in the case of a joint stock company. Where a liquidation group is not formed to carry out liquidation within the specified time limit, the creditors may apply to a people's court for its designation of relevant personnel to form a liquidation group and carry out liquidation. The people's court shall accept the application, and shall, in a timely manner, organize a liquidation group to carry out liquidation.

    第一百八十四条 公司因本法第一百八十一条第(一)项、第(二)项、第(四)项、第(五)项规定而解散的,应当在解散事由出现之日起十五日内成立清算组,开始清算。有限责任公司的清算组由股东组成,股份有限公司的清算组由董事或者股东大会确定的人员组成。逾期不成立清算组进行清算的,债权人可以申请人民法院指定有关人员组成清算组进行清算。人民法院应当受理该申请,并及时组织清算组进行清算。

  Article 185   The liquidation group may exercise the following powers during liquidation:

(1) Liquidating the property of the company, and preparing the balance sheets and a list of property;

(2) Informing the creditors by notice or public announcement;

(3) Handling the company's outstanding businesses that pertain to the liquidation;

(4) Paying off the due and payable taxes and the taxes incurred during the liquidation;

(5) Liquidating the creditor's rights and the debts;

(6) Handling the property remaining from the debt repayment of the company; and

(7) Participating in civil litigation on behalf of the company.

    第一百八十五条 清算组在清算期间行使下列职权:

   (一)清理公司财产,分别编制资产负债表和财产清单;

   (二)通知、公告债权人;

   (三)处理与清算有关的公司未了结的业务;

   (四)清缴所欠税款以及清算过程中产生的税款;

   (五)清理债权、债务;

   (六)处理公司清偿债务后的剩余财产;

   (七)代表公司参与民事诉讼活动。

  Article 186   The liquidation group shall notify the creditors within ten days after it is formed, and shall publish an announcement in a newspaper within 60 days. The creditors shall declare their creditor's rights to the liquidation group within 30 days of their receipt of the written notice or in the case of failure to receive the written notice, within 45 days of the issuance of the public announcement.

When declaring the creditor's rights, the creditors shall clarify the matters relating to their creditor's rights and provide supporting materials. The liquidation group shall register such rights.

During the declaration of the creditor's rights, the liquidation group shall not make any repayment to any of the creditors.

    第一百八十六条 清算组应当自成立之日起十日内通知债权人,并于六十日内在报纸上公告。债权人应当自接到通知书之日起三十日内,未接到通知书的自公告之日起四十五日内,向清算组申报其债权。

   债权人申报债权,应当说明债权的有关事项,并提供证明材料。清算组应当对债权进行登记。

   在申报债权期间,清算组不得对债权人进行清偿。

  Article 187   The liquidation group shall, after having liquidated the property of the company and prepared the balance sheets and a list of property, formulate a liquidation plan and submit it to the board of shareholders, the general board of shareholders, or a people's court for acknowledgement.

After paying off the liquidation expenses and the salaries, social insurance premiums, and the statutory compensation premiums of the staff members, the due and payable taxes, and the debts of the company, the property remaining in the company's assets may be distributed, in the case of a limited liability company, in proportion to the shareholders' capital contributions or, in the case of a joint stock company, in proportion to the shares held by the shareholders.

During the liquidation, the company continues to exist, but it shall not carry out any business activity irrelevant to the liquidation.

The property of the company is not allowed to be distributed to any shareholder before completion of the payments out of the property in accordance with the preceding paragraph.

    第一百八十七条 清算组在清理公司财产、编制资产负债表和财产清单后,应当制定清算方案,并报股东会、股东大会或者人民法院确认。

   公司财产在分别支付清算费用、职工的工资、社会保险费用和法定补偿金,缴纳所欠税款,清偿公司债务后的剩余财产,有限责任公司按照股东的出资比例分配,股份有限公司按照股东持有的股份比例分配。

   清算期间,公司存续,但不得开展与清算无关的经营活动。公司财产在未依照前款规定清偿前,不得分配给股东。

  Article 188   If the liquidation group discovers, after having liquidated the property of the company and prepared the balance sheets and a list of property, that the property of the company is not sufficient for debt repayment, it shall apply, in accordance with the law, to a people's court for bankruptcy.

After the people's court makes a decision declaring the company bankrupt, the liquidation group shall refer the liquidation matters to the people's court.

    第一百八十八条 清算组在清理公司财产、编制资产负债表和财产清单后,发现公司财产不足清偿债务的,应当依法向人民法院申请宣告破产。

   公司经人民法院裁定宣告破产后,清算组应当将清算事务移交给人民法院。

  Article 189   After the liquidation of a company is completed, the liquidation group shall prepare a liquidation report, and submit it to the board of shareholders, the general board of shareholders, or a people's court for acknowledgment, and shall also submit it to the relevant company registration authority for the purpose of applying for deregistration of the company, accompanied by issuing a public announcement on the termination of the company.

    第一百八十九条 公司清算结束后,清算组应当制作清算报告,报股东会、股东大会或者人民法院确认,并报送公司登记机关,申请注销公司登记,公告公司终止。

  Article 190   The members of a liquidation group shall devote themselves to their duties and perform their liquidation obligations in accordance with the law.

The members of a liquidation group are not allowed to abuse their powers in order to accept any bribe or other illegal gains, nor shall they encroach on the property of the company.

Where a member of a liquidation group who has caused any losses to the company or the creditors due to his/her intent or gross negligence, he/she shall bear the liability for compensation.

    第一百九十条 清算组成员应当忠于职守,依法履行清算义务。

   清算组成员不得利用职权收受贿赂或者其他非法收入,不得侵占公司财产。

   清算组成员因故意或者重大过失给公司或者债权人造成损失的,应当承担赔偿责任。

  Article 191   Where a company is declared bankrupt pursuant to the law, bankruptcy liquidation shall be carried out in accordance with the laws on enterprise bankruptcy.

    第一百九十一条 公司被依法宣告破产的,依照有关企业破产的法律实施破产清算。

Chapter 11: Branches of a Foreign Company

第十一章 外国公司的分支机构

  Article 192   For the purposes of this Law, a foreign company shall mean a company established outside the territory of China under a foreign law.

    第一百九十二条 本法所称外国公司是指依照外国法律在中国境外设立的公司。

  Article 193   A foreign company must, in establishing any branch within the territory of China, file an application with the competent authority of China and submit the relevant documents such as the articles of association of the company and the company registration certificate issued by the country where the company originated. Upon approval, the company shall go through the registration formalities with the relevant company registration authority in accordance with the law and collect the business license.

Measures for the examination of and approval for a foreign company's branches shall be formulated separately by the State Council.

    第一百九十三条 外国公司在中国境内设立分支机构,必须向中国主管机关提出申请,并提交其公司章程、所属国的公司登记证书等有关文件,经批准后,向公司登记机关依法办理登记,领取营业执照。

   外国公司分支机构的审批办法由国务院另行规定。

  Article 194   A foreign company must, in establishing any branch within the territory of China, appoint a representative or an agent within the territory of China to be responsible for the branch, and shall allocate to the branch the funds commensurate with the business activities in which the branch engages.

Other necessary provisions regarding the minimum amount of operational funds for a branch of a foreign company shall be formulated by the State Council.

    第一百九十四条 外国公司在中国境内设立分支机构,必须在中国境内指定负责该分支机构的代表人或者代理人,并向该分支机构拨付与其所从事的经营活动相适应的资金。

   对外国公司分支机构的经营资金需要规定最低限额的,由国务院另行规定。

  Article 195   A branch of a foreign company shall include, in its name, the country of origin and form of liability of the foreign company.

A branch of a foreign company shall prepare and make available, at the branch's premises, the articles of association of that foreign company.

    第一百九十五条 外国公司的分支机构应当在其名称中标明该外国公司的国籍及责任形式。

   外国公司的分支机构应当在本机构中置备该外国公司章程。

  Article 196   A branch established within the territory of China by a foreign company is not qualified to be a Chinese legal person.

A foreign company shall bear civil liability for the business activities carried out by its branches within the territory of China.

    第一百九十六条 外国公司在中国境内设立的分支机构不具有中国法人资格。

   外国公司对其分支机构在中国境内进行经营活动承担民事责任。

  Article 197   When conducting business activities in China, branches of foreign companies that are established subject to approval must comply with the law of China, and shall not harm the social public interest of China. Their lawful rights and interest are protected by the law of China.

    第一百九十七条 经批准设立的外国公司分支机构,在中国境内从事业务活动,必须遵守中国的法律,不得损害中国的社会公共利益,其合法权益受中国法律保护。

  Article 198   Where a foreign company removes any of its branches within the territory of China, it shall pay off its debts pursuant to the law, and shall carry out liquidation in accordance with the provisions in this Law regarding the company liquidation procedures. The property of the branch is not permitted to be transferred outside the territory of China before the debts are repaid.

    第一百九十八条 外国公司撤销其在中国境内的分支机构时,必须依法清偿债务,依照本法有关公司清算程序的规定进行清算。未清偿债务之前,不得将其分支机构的财产移至中国境外。

Chapter 12: Legal Liability

第十二章 法律责任

  Article 199   In the event of violation of the provisions of this Law by falsely reporting the registered capital, submitting false materials, or using other fraudulent means to conceal any important fact, through which a company has been registered, that violating party shall be ordered by its company registration authority to make a correction. If the violating party is a company that falsely reports its registered capital, that party shall be subject to a fine not less than 5 percent, and below 15 percent, of the value of the falsely reported registered capital. If the violating party is a company that submits false materials or using other fraudulent means to conceal any important fact, the party shall be subject to a fine not less than RMB50,000 and below RMB500,000. For a serious case, the company shall be deregistered and its business license shall be revoked.

    第一百九十九条 违反本法规定,虚报注册资本、提交虚假材料或者采取其他欺诈手段隐瞒重要事实取得公司登记的,由公司登记机关责令改正,对虚报注册资本的公司,处以虚报注册资本金额百分之五以上百分之十五以下的罚款;对提交虚假材料或者采取其他欺诈手段隐瞒重要事实的公司,处以五万元以上五十万元以下的罚款;情节严重的,撤销公司登记或者吊销营业执照。

  Article 200   Where a sponsor or shareholder of a company falsely makes any capital contribution, fails to deliver the currency or non-currency properties used as capital contributions, or its delivery of the same is not according to the schedule, the relevant company registration authority shall order the sponsor or shareholder to make a correction, and shall impose thereon a fine not less than 5 percent, and below 15 percent, of the value of the falsely made capital contribution.

    第二百条 公司的发起人、股东虚假出资,未交付或者未按期交付作为出资的货币或者非货币财产的,由公司登记机关责令改正,处以虚假出资金额百分之五以上百分之十五以下的罚款。

  Article 201   Where a sponsor or shareholder illegally withdraws its capital contributions after the company is established, the relevant company registration authority shall order the sponsor or shareholder to make a correction, and shall impose thereon a fine not less than 5 percent, and below 15 percent, of the capital contribution that is withdrawn.

    第二百零一条 公司的发起人、股东在公司成立后,抽逃其出资的,由公司登记机关责令改正,处以所抽逃出资金额百分之五以上百分之十五以下的罚款。

  Article 202   Where a company violates the provisions of this Law by establishing other account books than the statutory account books, the financial department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order the company to make a correction, and shall impose thereon a fine not less than RMB50,000 and below RMB500,000.

    第二百零二条 公司违反本法规定,在法定的会计账簿以外另立会计账簿的,由县级以上人民政府财政部门责令改正,处以五万元以上五十万元以下的罚款。

  Article 203   Where a company makes any false record or conceals any important fact in such materials as the financial and accounting report that shall be submitted to the competent authority in accordance with the law, the competent authority shall impose a fine not less than RMB30,000 and below RMB300,000 on the personnel directly in charge or other personnel subject to direct liability from the company.

    第二百零三条 公司在依法向有关主管部门提供的财务会计报告等材料上作虚假记载或者隐瞒重要事实的,由有关主管部门对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处以三万元以上三十万元以下的罚款。

  Article 204   Where a company fails to allocate the statutory common reserve fund in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the financial department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order the company to allocate the due amount, and shall impose thereon a fine below RMB200,000.

    第二百零四条 公司不依照本法规定提取法定公积金的,由县级以上人民政府财政部门责令如数补足应当提取的金额,可以对公司处以二十万元以下的罚款。

  Article 205   During a merger, division, decrease of registered capital, or liquidation of a company, if the company fails to notify its creditors by a notice or a public announcement in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the relevant company registration authority shall order the company to make a correction, and shall impose thereon a fine not less than RMB10,000 and below RMB100,000.

During the liquidation of a company, if the company conceals its properties or makes any false record in the balance sheets or list of properties, or distributes the properties of the company before its debts are repaid, the relevant company registration authority shall order the company to make a correction, and shall impose thereon a fine not less than 5 percent, and below 15 percent, of the value of the properties that the company have concealed or distributed before the repayment of its debts, accompanied by imposition of a fine not less than RMB10,000 and below RMB100,000 shall be imposed on the personnel directly in charge or other personnel subject to direct liability from the company.

    第二百零五条 公司在合并、分立、减少注册资本或者进行清算时,不依照本法规定通知或者公告债权人的,由公司登记机关责令改正,对公司处以一万元以上十万元以下的罚款。

   公司在进行清算时,隐匿财产,对资产负债表或者财产清单作虚假记载或者在未清偿债务前分配公司财产的,由公司登记机关责令改正,对公司处以隐匿财产或者未清偿债务前分配公司财产金额百分之五以上百分之十以下的罚款;对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处以一万元以上十万元以下的罚款。

  Article 206   During the liquidation of a company, if the company carries out any business activity irrelevant to the liquidation, the relevant company registration authority shall give a warning to the company, accompanied by confiscating the illegal gains.

    第二百零六条 公司在清算期间开展与清算无关的经营活动的,由公司登记机关予以警告,没收违法所得。

  Article 207   Where a liquidation group's submission of its liquidation report to the relevant company registration authority is not conforming to the provisions of this Law, or where any important fact is concealed in the submitted liquidation report or there is any material omission therein, the relevant company registration authority shall order the liquidation group to make a correction.

Where any member of a liquidation group abuses his/her powers to practice favoritism, commit irregularities, seek illegal gains, or encroach on any property of the company, the relevant company registration authority shall order that member to return such property of the company, accompanied by confiscating his/her illegal gains and imposing thereon a fine not less than one time, and below five times, the illegal gains.

    第二百零七条 清算组不依照本法规定向公司登记机关报送清算报告,或者报送清算报告隐瞒重要事实或者有重大遗漏的,由公司登记机关责令改正。

   清算组成员利用职权徇私舞弊、谋取非法收入或者侵占公司财产的,由公司登记机关责令退还公司财产,没收违法所得,并可以处以违法所得一倍以上五倍以下的罚款。

  Article 208   In the event of provision of any false material from an organization that undertakes capital evaluation, capital verification, or certificate verification, the relevant company registration authority shall confiscate the organization's illegal gains and impose thereon a fine not less than one time, and below five times, the illegal gains. The competent authority may also, pursuant to the law, order the said organization to terminate its business operation, accompanied by revoking the qualification certificate(s) of its personnel subject to direct liability and the business license of the organization.

Where there is any material omission in a report submitted by an organization that undertakes capital evaluation, capital verification, or certificate verification, the relevant company registration authority shall order the organization to make a correction and, if the case is serious, impose thereon a fine not less than one time, and below five times, the illegal gains. The competent authority may also, pursuant to the law, order the said organization to terminate its business operation, accompanied by revoking the qualification certificate(s) of its personnel subject to direct liability and the business license of the organization.

Where any evaluation result, capital verification certification, or certificate verification certification submitted by an organization that undertakes capital evaluation, capital verification, or certificate verification is not truthful, thus causing any loss to the creditors of the company, the organization shall bear the liability for compensation to the extent of the value under its untruthful evaluation or certification, unless it can prove that it is not at fault.

    第二百零八条 承担资产评估、验资或者验证的机构提供虚假材料的,由公司登记机关没收违法所得,处以违法所得一倍以上五倍以下的罚款,并可以由有关主管部门依法责令该机构停业、吊销直接责任人员的资格证书,吊销营业执照。

   承担资产评估、验资或者验证的机构因过失提供有重大遗漏的报告的,由公司登记机关责令改正,情节较重的,处以所得收入一倍以上五倍以下的罚款,并可以由有关主管部门依法责令该机构停业、吊销直接责任人员的资格证书,吊销营业执照。

   承担资产评估、验资或者验证的机构因其出具的评估结果、验资或者验证证明不实,给公司债权人造成损失的,除能够证明自己没有过错的外,在其评估或者证明不实的金额范围内承担赔偿责任。

  Article 209   Where a company registration authority approves any registration application that does not meet the conditions hereunder or does not approve any registration application that meets the conditions hereunder, an administrative disciplinary measure shall be imposed, in accordance with the law, on the personnel directly in charge or other personnel subject to direct liability from that authority.

    第二百零九条 公司登记机关对不符合本法规定条件的登记申请予以登记,或者对符合本法规定条件的登记申请不予登记的,对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依法给予行政处分。

  Article 210   Where a company registration authority is ordered by a superior authority thereof either to approve any registration application that does not meet the conditions hereunder or not to approve any registration application that meets the conditions hereunder, or where the superior authority covers up any illegal registration, an administrative disciplinary measure shall be imposed, in accordance with the law, on the personnel directly in charge or other personnel subject to direct liability from that authority.

    第二百一十条 公司登记机关的上级部门强令公司登记机关对不符合本法规定条件的登记申请予以登记,或者对符合本法规定条件的登记申请不予登记的,或者对违法登记进行包庇的,对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予行政处分。

  Article 211   Where an entity is not registered as a limited liability company or a joint stock company in accordance with the law but fraudulently names itself as a limited liability company or a joint stock company, or where an entity is not registered as a branch company of a limited liability company or a joint stock company in accordance with the law but fraudulently names itself as a branch company of a limited liability company or joint stock company, the company registration authority shall order that company or branch company to make a correction or remove it, and may also impose a fine of not more than RMB100,000.

    第二百一十一条 未依法登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司,而冒用有限责任公司或者股份有限公司名义的,或者未依法登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司的分公司,而冒用有限责任公司或者股份有限公司的分公司名义的,由公司登记机关责令改正或者予以取缔,可以并处十万元以下的罚款。

  Article 212   Where a company fails to commence its business operation within six months after its establishment without justifiable reasons, or a company suspends its business operation for at least six consecutive months at its own discretion after commencement of its business operation, the relevant company registration authority shall revoke its business license.

Where any of the registered items of a company is changed and the company fails to go through the relevant formalities for change of registration in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the relevant company registration authority shall order it to go through the registration formalities within a specified time limit; if the company fails to go through the registration formalities within the specified time limit, it shall be subject to a fine not less than RMB10,000 and below RMB100,000.

    第二百一十二条 公司成立后无正当理由超过六个月未开业的,或者开业后自行停业连续六个月以上的,可以由公司登记机关吊销营业执照。

   公司登记事项发生变更时,未依照本法规定办理有关变更登记的,由公司登记机关责令限期登记;逾期不登记的,处以一万元以上十万元以下的罚款。

  Article 213   Where a foreign company violates the provisions of this Law by establishing any branch within the territory of China without authorization, the relevant company registration authority shall order the company to make a correction or close down, and may also impose thereon a fine not less than RMB50,000 and below RMB200,000.

    第二百一十三条 外国公司违反本法规定,擅自在中国境内设立分支机构的,由公司登记机关责令改正或者关闭,可以并处五万元以上二十万元以下的罚款。

  Article 214   Where anyone commits, in the name of a company, any illegal act that endangers State security or harms the social public interest, the business license shall be revoked.

    第二百一十四条 利用公司名义从事危害国家安全、社会公共利益的严重违法行为的,吊销营业执照。

  Article 215   Where a company violates the provisions of this Law, it shall bear the civil liability for compensation and pay the relevant fines and shall, in the event that its property is not sufficient to make the payments, bear the civil liability for compensation first.

    第二百一十五条 公司违反本法规定,应当承担民事赔偿责任和缴纳罚款、罚金的,其财产不足以支付时,先承担民事赔偿责任。

  Article 216   Anyone that violates the provisions of this Law shall be subject to criminal liability if the violation constitutes a criminal offense.

    第二百一十六条 违反本法规定,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

Chapter 13: Supplementary Provisions

第十三章 附则

  Article 217   For the purposes of this Law,

(1) "senior management personnel" shall mean the manager, vice manager, the personnel in charge of the financial issues, or the secretary of the board of directors of a listed company, or any other personnel specified in the company's articles of association;

(2) "controlling shareholder" shall mean a shareholder whose capital contribution accounts for 50 percent or more of the total capital of a limited liability company, or a shareholder whose shares account for 50 percent or more of the total share capital of a joint stock company, or a shareholder whose voting rights corresponding to the capital contribution or shares thereof is sufficient to enable the shareholder to have great influence on the resolutions of the board of shareholders or the general board of shareholders, even though the shareholder's capital contribution or shares account for less than 50 percent;

(3) "actual controller" shall mean a person that is not a shareholder of a company but is able to actually control the acts of the company through investment relations, agreements, or other arrangements; and

(4) "affiliation", in respect of a controlling shareholder, actual controller, director, supervisor, or senior management personnel of a company, shall mean the relationship thereof with an enterprise under direct or indirect control thereof, or any other relationship that may cause the transfer of the interests of the company. However, the existence of affiliation between the enterprises in which the controlling shares are held by the State is not entirely because the State holds controlling shares in all of them.

    第二百一十七条 本法下列用语的含义:

   (一)高级管理人员,是指公司的经理、副经理、财务负责人,上市公司董事会秘书和公司章程规定的其他人员。

   (二)控股股东,是指其出资额占有限责任公司资本总额百分之五十以上或者其持有的股份占股份有限公司股本总额百分之五十以上的股东;出资额或者持有股份的比例虽然不足百分之五十,但依其出资额或者持有的股份所享有的表决权已足以对股东会、股东大会的决议产生重大影响的股东。

   (三)实际控制人,是指虽不是公司的股东,但通过投资关系、协议或者其他安排,能够实际支配公司行为的人。

   (四)关联关系,是指公司控股股东、实际控制人、董事、监事、高级管理人员与其直接或者间接控制的企业之间的关系,以及可能导致公司利益转移的其他关系。但是,国家控股的企业之间不仅因为同受国家控股而具有关联关系。

  Article 218   This Law shall be applicable to foreign-invested limited liability companies and joint stock companies. If any law relating to foreign investments specify otherwise, the provisions of that law shall prevail.

    第二百一十八条 外商投资的有限责任公司和股份有限公司适用本法;有关外商投资的法律另有规定的,适用其规定。

  Article 219   This Law shall take effect as of 1 January 2006.

    第二百一十九条 本法自2006年1月1日起施行。