Organic Law of the People's Courts of the People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国人民法院组织法

 

Promulgating Institution: Standing committee of the National People's Congress

Document Number: Order No. 59 of the President of the People's Republic of China

Promulgating Date: 10/31/2006

Effective Date: 01/01/2007

颁布机关: 全国人民代表大会常务委员会

文    号: 中华人民共和国主席令第五十九号

颁布时间: 10/31/2006

实施时间: 01/01/2007

 

Order No.59 of the President of the People's Republic of China

The Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the Organic Law of the People's Courts of the People's Republic of China, adopted at the 24th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of the China on October 31, 2006, is hereby promulgated and shall go into effect as of January 1, 2007.

                                                          

Hu Jintao, President of the People's Republic of China

October 31, 2006  

中华人民共和国主席令

第五十九号

《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改<中华人民共和国人民法院组织法>的决定》已由中华人民共和国第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议于2006年10月31日通过,现予公布,自2007年1月1日起施行。

 

中华人民共和国主席 胡锦涛

2006年10月31日

Organic Law of the People's Courts of the People's Republic of China

(Adopted at the Second Session of the Fifth National Congress on July 1, 1979, promulgated by Order No.3 of the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on July 5, 1979 and effective as of January 1, 1980; amended in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on Amending the Organic Law of the People's Courts of the People's Republic of China adopted at its 2nd Meeting on September 2, 1983, the Decision of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on Amending the Organic Law of the Local People's Congresses and the Local People's Governments of the People's Republic of China adopted at its 18th Meeting on December 2, 1986 and the Decision of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on Amending the Organic Law of the People's Courts of the People's Republic of China adopted at its 24th Meeting on October 31, 2006)

  

中华人民共和国人民法院组织法

（1979年7月1日第五届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过 1979年7月5日全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长令第三号公布 自1980年1月1日起施行

根据1983年9月2日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国人民法院组织法〉的决定》、1986年12月2日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法〉的决定》和2006年10月31日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国人民法院组织法〉的决定》修正）

Contents

Chapter 1: General Provisions

Chapter 2: Organization, Functions and Powers of the People's Courts

Chapter 3: Judicial and Other Personnel of the People's Courts  

    目 录

    第一章 总 则

    第二章 人民法院的组织和职权

    第三章 人民法院的审判人员和其他人员

Chapter 1: General Provisions

第一章 总则

   Article 1   The people's courts of the People's Republic of China are the judicial organs of the State.

     第一条 中华人民共和国人民法院是国家的审判机关。

   Article 2   The judicial authority of the People's Republic of China is exercised by the following people's courts:

(1) local people's courts at various levels;

(2) military courts and other special people's courts and;

(3) the Supreme People's Court.

The local people's courts at various levels are divided into: primary people's courts, intermediate people's courts and higher people's courts.

     第二条 中华人民共和国的审判权由下列人民法院行使:

    (一)地方各级人民法院;

    (二)军事法院等专门人民法院;

    (三)最高人民法院。

    地方各级人民法院分为:基层人民法院、中级人民法院、高级人民法院。

   Article 3   The task of the people's courts is to try criminal and civil cases and, through judicial activities, to punish all criminals and settle civil disputes, so as to safeguard the system of dictatorship of the proletariat, maintain the socialist legal system and public order, protect socialist property owned by the entire people, collective property owned by working people and the legitimate private property of citizens, the citizens' right of the person and their democratic and other rights, and ensure the smooth progress of the socialist revolution and socialist construction in the country.   

The people's courts, in all their activities, educate citizens in loyalty to their socialist motherland and voluntary observance of the Constitution and laws.

     第三条 人民法院的任务是审判刑事案件和民事案件,并且通过审判活动,惩办一切犯罪分子,解决民事纠纷,以保卫无产阶级专政制度,维护社会主义法制和社会秩序,保护社会主义的全民所有的财产、劳动群众集体所有的财产,保护公民私人所有的合法财产,保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利,保障国家的社会主义革命和社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。

    人民法院用它的全部活动教育公民忠于社会主义祖国,自觉地遵守宪法和法律。

   Article 4   The people's courts shall exercise judicial power independently, in accordance with the provisions of law, and shall not be subject to interference by any administrative organ, public organization or individual.

     第四条 人民法院依照法律规定独立行使审判权,不受行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉。

   Article 5   In judicial proceedings in the people's courts, the law is applied equally to all citizens, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status or length of residence. No privilege whatsoever is allowed.

     第五条 人民法院审判案件,对于一切公民,不分民族、种族、性别、职业、社会出身、宗教信仰、教育程度、财产状况、居住期限,在适用法律上一律平等,不允许有任何特权。

   Article 6   Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings. The people's courts shall provide translation for any party to the court proceedings who is not familiar with the spoken or written languages commonly used in the locality. In an area where people of a minority nationality live in concentrated communities or where a number of minority nationalities live together, the people's courts shall conduct hearings in the languages commonly used in the locality and issue judgments, notices and other documents in the languages commonly used in the locality.

     第六条 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。人民法院对于不通晓当地通用的语言文字的当事人,应当为他们翻译。在少数民族聚居或者多民族杂居的地区,人民法院应当用当地通用的语言进行审讯,用当地通用的文字发布判决书、布告和其他文件。

   Article 7   All cases in the people's courts shall be heard in public, except for the ones involving State secrets, individual privacy and the crimes committed by minors.

     第七条 人民法院审理案件，除涉及国家机密、个人隐私和未成年人犯罪案件外，一律公开进行。

   Article 8   The accused has the right to defence. Besides defending himself, the accused has the right to delegate a lawyer to defend him. He may also be defended by a citizen recommended by a people's organization or his unit of employment, by a citizen approved by the people's court, or by a near relative or guardian. The people's court may also, when it deems it necessary, appoint a counsel to defend him.

     第八条 被告人有权获得辩护。被告人除自己进行辩护外,有权委托律师为他辩护,可以由人民团体或者被告人所在单位推荐的或者经人民法院许可的公民为他辩护,可以由被告人的近亲属、监护人为他辩护。人民法院认为必要的时候,可以指定辩护人为他辩护。

   Article 9   The people's courts adopt the collegial system in the administration of justice.

Cases of first instance in the people's courts shall be tried by a collegial panel of judges or of judges and people's assessors; simple civil cases, minor criminal cases and cases otherwise provided for by law may be tried by a single judge.

Appealed or protested cases in the people's courts are handled by a collegial panel of judges.

The president of the court or the chief judge of a division appoints one of the judges to act as the presiding judge of the collegial panel. When the president of the court or the chief judge of a division participates in the judicial proceedings, he acts as the presiding judge.

     第九条 人民法院审判案件,实行合议制。

    人民法院审判第一审案件,由审判员组成合议庭或者由审判员和人民陪审员组成合议庭进行;简单的民事案件、轻微的刑事案件和法律另有规定的案件,可以由审判员一人独任审判。

    人民法院审判上诉和抗诉的案件,由审判员组成合议庭进行。

    合议庭由院长或者庭长指定审判员一人担任审判长。院长或者庭长参加审判案件的时候,自己担任审判长。

   Article 10   People's courts at all levels set up judicial committees which practise democratic centralism. The task of the judicial committees is to sum up judicial experience and to discuss important or difficult cases and other issues relating to the judicial work.

Members of judicial committees of local people's courts at various levels are appointed and removed by the standing committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding levels, upon the recommendation of the presidents of these courts. Members of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court are appointed and removed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, upon the recommendation of the President of the Supreme People's Court.

The presidents of the people's courts preside over meetings of judicial committees of the people's courts at all levels; the chief procurators of the people's procuratorates at the corresponding levels may attend such meetings without voting rights.

     第十条 各级人民法院设立审判委员会,实行民主集中制。审判委员会的任务是总结审判经验,讨论重大的或者疑难的案件和其他有关审判工作的问题。

    地方各级人民法院审判委员会委员,由院长提请本级人民代表大会常务委员会任免;最高人民法院审判委员会委员,由最高人民法院院长提请全国人民代表大会常务委员会任免。

    各级人民法院审判委员会会议由院长主持,本级人民检察院检察长可以列席。

   Article 11   In the administration of justice, the people's courts adopt the system whereby the second instance is the last instance.

From a judgment or orders of first instance of a local people's courts, a party may bring an appeal to the people's court at the next higher level in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law, and the people's procuratorate may present a protest to the people's court at the next higher level in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law.

Judgments and orders of first instance of the local people's courts at various levels become legally effective judgments and orders if, within the period for appeal, none of the parties has appealed and the procuratorate has not protested.

Judgments and orders of second instance of intermediate courts, higher people's courts and the Supreme People's Court, and judgments and orders of first instance of the Supreme People's Court are all judgments and orders of last instance, that is, legally effective judgments and orders.

     第十一条 人民法院审判案件,实行两审终审制。

    地方各级人民法院第一审案件的判决和裁定,当事人可以按照法律规定的程序向上一级人民法院上诉,人民检察院可以按照法律规定的程序向上一级人民法院抗诉。

    地方各级人民法院第一审案件的判决和裁定,如果在上诉期限内当事人不上诉、人民检察院不抗诉,就是发生法律效力的判决和裁定。

    中级人民法院、高级人民法院和最高人民法院审判的第二审案件的判决和裁定,最高人民法院审判的第一审案件的判决和裁定,都是终审的判决和裁定,也就是发生法律效力的判决和裁定。

   Article 12   Death sentences shall be submitted to the Supreme People's Court for approval, except for the ones imposed in accordance with laws by the Supreme People's Court.

     第十二条 死刑除依法由最高人民法院判决的以外,应当报请最高人民法院核准。

   Article 13   If the president of a people's court finds, in a legally effective judgment or order of his court, some definite error in the determination of facts or application of law, he must submit the judgment or order to the judicial committee for disposal.

If the Supreme People's Court finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of the people's court at any level or if the people's court at a higher level finds such error in a legally effective judgment or order of the people's court at a lower level, it has the authority to review the cases itself or to direct the lower-level people's court to conduct a retrial.

If the Supreme People's Procuratorate finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a people's court at any level or if the people's procuratorate at a higher level finds such error in a legally effective judgment or order of any people's court at a lower level, it has the authority to lodge a protest in accordance with the procedure of judicial supervision.

The people's courts at all levels shall hold themselves responsible for seriously handling the petition lodged by a party to a case against a legally effective judgment or order.

     第十三条 各级人民法院院长对本院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定,如果发现在认定事实上或者在适用法律上确有错误,必须提交审判委员会处理。

    最高人民法院对各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定,上级人民法院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定,如果发现确有错误,有权提审或者指令下级人民法院再审。

    最高人民检察院对各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定,上级人民检察院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定,如果发现确有错误,有权按照审判监督程序提出抗诉。

    各级人民法院对于当事人提出的对已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定的申诉,应当认真负责处理。

   Article 14   If a people's court considers that the principal facts of a case in which a people's procuratorate has initiated a public prosecution are not clear and the evidence is insufficient, or there are illegalities in the prosecution, the court may remand the case to the people's procuratorate for supplementary investigation or notify the people's procuratorate to rectify them.

     第十四条 人民法院对于人民检察院起诉的案件认为主要事实不清、证据不足,或者有违法情况时,可以退回人民检察院补充侦查,或者通知人民检察院纠正。

   Article 15   If a party to a case considers that a member of the judicial personnel has an interest in the case or, for any other reason, cannot administer justice impartially, he has the right to request that member to withdraw. The president of the court shall decide whether the member should withdraw.

If a member of the judicial personnel considers that he should withdraw because he has an interest in the case or for any other reason, he should report the matter to the president of the court for decision.

     第十五条 当事人如果认为审判人员对本案有利害关系或者其他关系不能公平审判,有权请求审判人员回避。审判人员是否应当回避,由本院院长决定。

    审判人员如果认为自己对本案有利害关系或者其他关系,需要回避时,应当报告本院院长决定。

   Article 16   The Supreme People's Court is responsible to and reports on its work to the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee. Local people's courts are responsible and report on their work to the local people's congresses at corresponding levels and their standing committees.

The judicial work of people's courts at lower levels is subject to supervision by people's courts at higher levels.

     第十六条 最高人民法院对全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会负责并报告工作。地方各级人民法院对本级人民代表大会及其常务委员会负责并报告工作。

    下级人民法院的审判工作受上级人民法院监督。

Chapter 2: Organization, Functions and Powers of the People's Courts

第二章 人民法院的组织和职权

   Article 17   Primary people's courts are:

(1) county people's courts and municipal people's courts;

(2) people's courts of autonomous counties; and

(3) people's courts of municipal districts.

     第十七条 基层人民法院包括:

    (一)县人民法院和市人民法院;

    (二)自治县人民法院;

    (三)市辖区人民法院。

   Article 18   A primary people's court is composed of a president, vice-presidents and judges.

A primary people's court may set up a criminal division, a civil division and an economic division, each with a chief judge and associate chief judges.

     第十八条 基层人民法院由院长一人,副院长和审判员若干人组成。

    基层人民法院可以设刑事审判庭、民事审判庭和经济审判庭,庭设庭长、副庭长。

   Article 19   A primary people's court may set up a number of people's tribunals according to the conditions of the locality, population and cases. A people's tribunal is a component part of the primary people's court, and its judgments and orders are judgments and orders of the primary people's courts.

     第十九条 基层人民法院根据地区、人口和案件情况可以设立若干人民法庭。人民法庭是基层人民法院的组成部分,它的判决和裁定就是基层人民法院的判决和裁定。

   Article 20   Except for cases otherwise provided for by laws or decrees, a primary people's court adjudicates criminal and civil cases of first instance.

When a primary people's court considers that a criminal or civil case it is handling is of major importance and requires trial by the people's court at a higher level, it may request that the case be transferred to that court for trial.

     第二十条 基层人民法院审判刑事和民事的第一审案件,但是法律、法令另有规定的案件除外。

    基层人民法院对它所受理的刑事和民事案件,认为案情重大应当由上级人民法院审判的时候,可以请求移送上级人民法院审判。

   Article 21   Besides trying cases, a primary people's court undertake the following tasks:

(1) settling civil disputes and handle minor criminal cases that do not need to be determined by trials;

(2) directing the work of people's mediation committees.

     第二十一条 基层人民法院除审判案件外,并且办理下列事项:

    (一)处理不需要开庭审判的民事纠纷和轻微的刑事案件;

    (二)指导人民调解委员会的工作。

   Article 22   Intermediate people's courts are:

(1) intermediate people's courts established in prefectures of a province or autonomous region;

(2) intermediate people's courts established in municipalities directly under the Central Government;

(3) intermediate people's courts of municipalities directly under the jurisdiction of a province or autonomous region; and

(4) intermediate people's courts of autonomous prefectures.

     第二十二条 中级人民法院包括:

    (一)在省、自治区内按地区设立的中级人民法院;

    (二)在直辖市内设立的中级人民法院;

    (三)省、自治区辖市的中级人民法院;

    (四)自治州中级人民法院。

   Article 23   An intermediate people's court is composed of a president, vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges.

Each intermediate people's court shall set up a criminal division, a civil division and an economic division, and such other divisions as are deemed necessary.

     第二十三条 中级人民法院由院长一人,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员若干人组成。

    中级人民法院设刑事审判庭、民事审判庭、经济审判庭,根据需要可以设其他审判庭。

   Article 24   An intermediate people's court handles the following cases:

(1) cases of first instance assigned by laws and decrees to their jurisdiction;

(2) cases of first instance transferred from the primary people's courts;

(3) cases of appeals and of protests lodged against judgments and orders of the primary people's courts; and

(4) cases of protests lodged by the people's procuratorates in accordance with the procedures of judicial supervision.

When an intermediate people's court considers that a criminal or civil case it is handling is of major importance and requires trial by the people's court at a higher level, it may request that the case be transferred to that court for trial.

     第二十四条 中级人民法院审判下列案件:

    (一)法律、法令规定由它管辖的第一审案件;

    (二)基层人民法院移送审判的第一审案件;

    (三)对基层人民法院判决和裁定的上诉案件和抗诉案件;

    (四)人民检察院按照审判监督程序提出的抗诉案件。

    中级人民法院对它所受理的刑事和民事案件,认为案情重大应当由上级人民法院审判的时候,可以请求移送上级人民法院审判。

   Article 25   Higher people's courts are:

(1) higher people's courts of provinces;

(2) higher people's courts of autonomous regions; and

(3) higher people's courts of municipalities directly under the Central Government.   

     第二十五条 高级人民法院包括:

    (一)省高级人民法院;

    (二)自治区高级人民法院;

    (三)直辖市高级人民法院。

   Article 26   A higher people's court is composed of a president, vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges.

A higher people's court shall set up a criminal division, a civil division and an economic division, and such other divisions as are deemed necessary.

     第二十六条 高级人民法院由院长一人,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员若干人组成。

    高级人民法院设刑事审判庭、民事审判庭、经济审判庭,根据需要可以设其他审判庭。

   Article 27   A higher people's court handles the following cases:

(1) cases of first instance assigned by laws and decrees to their jurisdiction;

(2) cases of first instance transferred from people's courts at lower levels;

(3) cases of appeals and of protests lodged against judgments and orders of people's courts at lower levels; and

(4) cases of protests lodged by people's procuratorates in accordance with the procedures of judicial supervision.

     第二十七条 高级人民法院审判下列案件:

    (一)法律、法令规定由它管辖的第一审案件;

    (二)下级人民法院移送审判的第一审案件;

    (三)对下级人民法院判决和裁定的上诉案件和抗诉案件;

    (四)人民检察院按照审判监督程序提出的抗诉案件。

   Article 28   The organization, functions and powers of special people's courts shall be prescribed separately by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

     第二十八条 专门人民法院的组织和职权由全国人民代表大会常务委员会另行规定。

   Article 29   The Supreme People's Court is the highest judicial organ of the State.

The Supreme People's Court supervises the administration of justice by the local people's courts at various levels and by the special people's courts.

     第二十九条 最高人民法院是国家最高审判机关。

    最高人民法院监督地方各级人民法院和专门人民法院的审判工作。

   Article 30   The Supreme People's Court is composed of a president, vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges.

The Supreme People's Court shall set up a criminal division, a civil division and an economic division, and such other divisions as are deemed necessary.

     第三十条 最高人民法院由院长一人,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员若干人组成。

    最高人民法院设刑事审判庭、民事审判庭、经济审判庭和其他需要设的审判庭。

   Article 31   The Supreme People's Court handles the following cases:

(1) cases of first instance assigned by laws and decrees to its jurisdiction and which it considers should be tried by itself;

(2) cases of appeals and of protests lodged against judgments and orders of higher people's courts and special people's courts; and

(3) cases of protests lodged by the Supreme People's Procuratorate in accordance with the procedures of judicial supervision.

     第三十一条 最高人民法院审判下列案件:

    (一)法律、法令规定由它管辖的和它认为应当由自己审判的第一审案件;

    (二)对高级人民法院、专门人民法院判决和裁定的上诉案件和抗诉案件;

    (三)最高人民检察院按照审判监督程序提出的抗诉案件。

   Article 32   The Supreme People's Court gives interpretation on questions concerning specific application of laws and decrees in judicial proceedings.

     第三十二条 最高人民法院对于在审判过程中如何具体应用法律、法令的问题,进行解释。

Chapter 3: Judicial and Other Personnel of People's Courts

第三章 人民法院的审判人员和其他人员

   Article 33   Citizens who have the right to vote and to stand for election and have reached the age of 23 are eligible to be elected presidents of people's courts or appointed vice-presidents of people's courts, chief judges or associate chief judges of divisions, judges or assistant judges; but persons who have ever been deprived of political rights are excluded.

Judicial personnel of people's courts must have an adequate knowledge of law.

     第三十三条 有选举权和被选举权的年满二十三岁的公民,可以被选举为人民法院院长,或者被任命为副院长、庭长、副庭长、审判员和助理审判员,但是被剥夺过政治权利的人除外。

    人民法院的审判人员必须具有法律专业知识。

   Article 34   Presidents of local people's courts at various levels are elected by the local people's congresses at the corresponding levels, and their vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges are appointed and removed by the standing committees of the local people's congresses at the corresponding levels.

Presidents, vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges of intermediate people's courts established in prefectures of provinces, autonomous regions or in municipalities directly under the Central Government are appointed and removed by the standing committees of the people's congresses of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government.

Presidents of local people's courts at various levels established in national autonomous areas are elected by local people's congresses at the corresponding levels in these areas, and their vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges are appointed or removed by the standing committees of local people's congresses at the corresponding levels in these areas.

The President of the Supreme People's Court is elected by the National People's Congress, and its vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges are appointed or removed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

     第三十四条 地方各级人民法院院长由地方各级人民代表大会选举,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员由地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会任免。

    在省内按地区设立的和在直辖市内设立的中级人民法院院长,由省、直辖市人民代表大会选举,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员由省、直辖市人民代表大会常务委员会任免。

    在民族自治地方设立的地方各级人民法院的院长,由民族自治地方各级人民代表大会选举,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员由民族自治地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会任免。

    最高人民法院院长由全国人民代表大会选举,副院长、庭长、副庭长、审判员由全国人民代表大会常务委员会任免。

   Article 35   The term of office of presidents of people's courts at all levels is the same as that of people's congresses at the corresponding levels.

People's congresses at all levels have the power to remove from office the presidents of people's courts elected by them. If the standing committee of a people's congress deems it necessary to replace the president of a local people's court at the corresponding level when the congress is not in session, it shall report the matter to the people's court at the next higher level for submission to the standing committee of the people's congress at the next higher level for approval.

     第三十五条 各级人民法院院长任期与本级人民代表大会每届任期相同。

    各级人民代表大会有权罢免由它选出的人民法院院长。在地方两次人民代表大会之间,如果本级人民代表大会常务委员会认为人民法院院长需要撤换,须报请上级人民法院报经上级人民代表大会常务委员会批准。

   Article 36   People's courts at all levels may, according to their needs, be staffed with assistant judges, who shall be appointed or removed by the people's courts themselves.

Assistant judges help the judges in their work. Upon the recommendation of the president of the court and with the approval of the judicial committee, an assistant judge may provisionally exercise the functions of a judge.

     第三十六条 各级人民法院按照需要可以设助理审判员,由本级人民法院任免。

    助理审判员协助审判员进行工作。助理审判员,由本院院长提出,经审判委员会通过,可以临时代行审判员职务。

   Article 37   Citizens who have the right to vote and to stand for election and have reached the age of 23 are eligible to be elected people's assessors, but persons who have ever been deprived of political rights are excluded.

During the period of the exercise of their functions in the people's courts, the people's assessors are members of the divisions of the courts in which they participate, and enjoy equal rights with the judges.

     第三十七条 有选举权和被选举权的年满二十三岁的公民,可以被选举为人民陪审员,但是被剥夺过政治权利的人除外。

    人民陪审员在人民法院执行职务期间,是他所参加的审判庭的组成人员,同审判员有同等权利。

   Article 38   During the period of the exercise of their functions, the people's assessors continue to receive wages as usual from their regular place of employment; people's assessors who are not wage-earning are given reasonable allowances by the people's courts.

     第三十八条 人民陪审员在执行职务期间,由原工作单位照付工资;没有工资收入的,由人民法院给以适当的补助。

   Article 39   People's courts at all levels have clerks to keep records of the court proceedings and to take charge of other matters concerning the trials.

     第三十九条 各级人民法院设书记员,担任审判庭的记录工作并办理有关审判的其他事项。

   Article 40   Local people's courts at various levels have marshals to carry out the execution of judgments and orders in civil cases and the execution, in criminal cases, of the parts of judgments and orders concerned with property.

Local people's courts at various levels have forensic physicians.

People's courts at all levels have a certain number of judicial policemen. 

ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS COMMISSION, THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESS.

LICENSED FOR USE AS OF MARCH 2009.

     第四十条 地方各级人民法院设执行员,办理民事案件判决和裁定的执行事项,办理刑事案件判决和裁定中关于财产部分的执行事项。

    地方各级人民法院设法医。

    各级人民法院设司法警察若干人。