Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Certain Issues Concerning the Application of the "Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China"

最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国仲裁法》若干问题的解释

Promulgating Institution: Supreme People's Court

Document Number: Fa Shi [2006] No. 7

Promulgating Date: 08/23/2006

Effective Date: 09/08/2006

颁布机关: 最高人民法院

文    号: 法释[2006]7号

颁布时间: 08/23/2006

实施时间: 09/08/2006

Text

正文

(Adopted at the 1375th Meeting of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on December 26, 2005; promulgated on August 23, 2006; and effective from September 8, 2006)

（2005年12月26日最高人民法院审判委员会第1375次会议通过 2006年8月23日公布 自2006年9月8日起施行）

According to the provisions of the Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China and the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, and other laws, we make the following interpretation on certain issues concerning the application of laws for the people's court trial of arbitration-related cases:

    根据《中华人民共和国仲裁法》和《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》等法律规定，对人民法院审理涉及仲裁案件适用法律的若干问题作如下解释：

   Article 1   For the purposes of Article 16 of the Arbitration Law, "other written agreements" shall mean those agreements on arbitration requests concluded in the form, such as a written contract, letter, or electronic data text (including telegram, telex, facsimile, electronic data interchange, and e-mail).

     第一条 仲裁法第十六条规定的“其他书面形式”的仲裁协议，包括以合同书、信件和数据电文（包括电报、电传、传真、电子数据交换和电子邮件）等形式达成的请求仲裁的协议。

   Article 2   If parties concerned generally agree that the arbitrable matters shall be disputes arising from a contract, then all disputes arising from the formation, validity, modification, assignment, performance, liability for breach, interpretation, or rescission of the contract may be deemed arbitrable matters.

     第二条 当事人概括约定仲裁事项为合同争议的，基于合同成立、效力、变更、转让、履行、违约责任、解释、解除等产生的纠纷都可以认定为仲裁事项。

   Article 3   If the name of the arbitration institution agreed upon in an arbitration agreement is not described in an accurate way, but the specific arbitration institution is determinable, it shall be deemed that the arbitration institution has been selected.

     第三条 仲裁协议约定的仲裁机构名称不准确，但能够确定具体的仲裁机构的，应当认定选定了仲裁机构。

   Article 4   Where an arbitration agreement only includes the arbitration rules applicable for the dispute at issue, the parties concerned shall be deemed not to have agreed upon the arbitration institution, unless the parties have reached a supplementary agreement or the arbitration institution can be identified through their agreed-upon arbitration rules.

     第四条 仲裁协议仅约定纠纷适用的仲裁规则的，视为未约定仲裁机构，但当事人达成补充协议或者按照约定的仲裁规则能够确定仲裁机构的除外。

   Article 5   If two or more arbitration institutions are agreed upon in an arbitration agreement, the parties concerned may select, by agreement, one of these arbitration institutions to which they will apply for arbitration. If the parties fail to reach an agreement on the arbitration institution, the arbitration agreement shall be deemed invalid.

     第五条 仲裁协议约定两个以上仲裁机构的，当事人可以协议选择其中的一个仲裁机构申请仲裁；当事人不能就仲裁机构选择达成一致的，仲裁协议无效。

   Article 6   If an arbitration agreement states that arbitration shall be conducted by an arbitration institution at a certain place, and there is only one arbitration institution in that place, such arbitration institution shall be deemed the agreed-upon arbitration institution. If two or more arbitration institutions exist in that place, the parties concerned may select, by agreement, one of these arbitration institutions to which they will apply for arbitration. If the parties fail to reach an agreement on the arbitration institution, the arbitration agreement shall be deemed invalid.

     第六条 仲裁协议约定由某地的仲裁机构仲裁且该地仅有一个仲裁机构的，该仲裁机构视为约定的仲裁机构。该地有两个以上仲裁机构的，当事人可以协议选择其中的一个仲裁机构申请仲裁；当事人不能就仲裁机构选择达成一致的，仲裁协议无效。

   Article 7   An arbitration agreement shall be invalid if the parties thereto agree that disputes may be resolved either through submission to an arbitration institution for arbitration or by filing an action with a people's court, unless one of the parties applies to an arbitration institution for arbitration and the other party fails to raise an objection within the time limit specified in Paragraph 2 of Article 20 of the Arbitration Law.

     第七条 当事人约定争议可以向仲裁机构申请仲裁也可以向人民法院起诉的，仲裁协议无效。但一方向仲裁机构申请仲裁，另一方未在仲裁法第二十条第二款规定期间内提出异议的除外。

   Article 8   Where a party concerned is merged or divided after the parties' conclusion of an arbitration agreement, the arbitration agreement shall be binding upon the successors to the party's rights and obligations, unless the parties agree otherwise when entering into an arbitration agreement.

Where a party concerned dies after the conclusion of an arbitration agreement, the agreement shall be binding upon the heir to the party's rights and obligations in the arbitrable matters.

The circumstances stipulated in the preceding two paragraphs shall exclude those as otherwise agreed when the parties concerned concluded the arbitration agreement.

     第八条 当事人订立仲裁协议后合并、分立的，仲裁协议对其权利义务的继受人有效。

    当事人订立仲裁协议后死亡的，仲裁协议对承继其仲裁事项中的权利义务的继承人有效。

    前两款规定情形，当事人订立仲裁协议时另有约定的除外。

   Article 9   Where all or part of the creditor's rights and/or debts are transferred, the arbitration agreement shall be binding upon the transferee unless the parties agree otherwise or the transferee explicitly objects to or is unaware of the existence of a separate arbitration agreement when the creditor's rights and/or debts are transferred thereto.

     第九条 债权债务全部或者部分转让的，仲裁协议对受让人有效，但当事人另有约定、在受让债权债务时受让人明确反对或者不知有单独仲裁协议的除外。

   Article 10   If a contract does not come into effect, or is repealed, after formation thereof, the provisions in Paragraph 1 of Article 19 of the Arbitration Law (Note: stating that an arbitration agreement shall independently exist, and validity thereof shall not be affected by the modification, rescission, termination, or invalidity of a contract) shall be applicable to the determination of the validity of an arbitration agreement.

If the parties concerned have reached an arbitration agreement on the dispute in question when the contract is concluded, failure of the formation of the contract shall not affect the validity of the arbitration agreement.

     第十条 合同成立后未生效或者被撤销的，仲裁协议效力的认定适用仲裁法第十九条第一款的规定。

    当事人在订立合同时就争议达成仲裁协议的，合同未成立不影响仲裁协议的效力。

   Article 11   Where a contract states that an effective arbitration clause in another contract or document shall be applicable to dispute resolution, the parties thereto shall, upon the occurrence of a dispute, submit it for arbitration in accordance with the provisions of that arbitration clause.

With respect to international treaties applicable to a contract involving foreign elements, if the treaties contain arbitration-related provisions, the parties shall, upon occurrence of a dispute arising from the contract, apply for arbitration pursuant to the arbitration-related provisions contained in such international treaties.

     第十一条 合同约定解决争议适用其他合同、文件中的有效仲裁条款的，发生合同争议时，当事人应当按照该仲裁条款提请仲裁。

    涉外合同应当适用的有关国际条约中有仲裁规定的，发生合同争议时，当事人应当按照国际条约中的仲裁规定提请仲裁。

   Article 12   A case filed with a people's court by a party seeking to determine the validity of an arbitration agreement shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the intermediate people's court of the place where the agreed arbitration institution is located. If the arbitration institution is not explicitly provided for in the arbitration agreement, the case shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the intermediate people's court of the place where the respondent is domiciled.

Cases related to application for ascertainment of the validity of arbitration agreements involving foreign elements shall be under the jurisdiction of an intermediate people's court at the place where the agreed arbitration institution is located, or where the arbitration agreement is concluded, or where the applicant or respondent is domiciled.

A case concerning the validity of an arbitration agreement, involving either maritime or maritime trade disputes, shall be subject to the jurisdiction of a maritime court. The court shall be at the place where the agreed arbitration institution is located, the arbitration agreement was concluded, or the applicant or the respondent is domiciled; and, in the event of an absence of a maritime court in the aforesaid places, the case shall be subject to the jurisdiction of a maritime court in the vicinity.

     第十二条 当事人向人民法院申请确认仲裁协议效力的案件，由仲裁协议约定的仲裁机构所在地的中级人民法院管辖；仲裁协议约定的仲裁机构不明确的，由仲裁协议签订地或者被申请人住所地的中级人民法院管辖。

    申请确认涉外仲裁协议效力的案件，由仲裁协议约定的仲裁机构所在地、仲裁协议签订地、申请人或者被申请人住所地的中级人民法院管辖。

    涉及海事海商纠纷仲裁协议效力的案件，由仲裁协议约定的仲裁机构所在地、仲裁协议签订地、申请人或者被申请人住所地的海事法院管辖；上述地点没有海事法院的，由就近的海事法院管辖。

   Article 13   According to the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 20 of the Arbitration Law, where a party fails to submit an objection to the validity of an arbitration agreement prior to the first arbitration hearing, and applies to a people's court to invalidate the arbitration agreement, the people's court shall dismiss the application.

Where a party applies to a people's court—after an arbitration institution has made a decision on the validity of an arbitration agreement—for the people's court to determine that the arbitration agreement is invalid, or for it to repeal the decision made by the arbitration institution, the people's court shall dismiss the application.

     第十三条 依照仲裁法第二十条第二款的规定，当事人在仲裁庭首次开庭前没有对仲裁协议的效力提出异议，而后向人民法院申请确认仲裁协议无效的，人民法院不予受理。

    仲裁机构对仲裁协议的效力作出决定后，当事人向人民法院申请确认仲裁协议效力或者申请撤销仲裁机构的决定的，人民法院不予受理。

   Article 14   For the purposes of Article 26 of the Arbitration Law, "first hearing" shall refer to the first court hearing of a case conducted by a people's court after expiration of the time limit for defense, excluding the various activities carried out in the pre-trial process.

     第十四条 仲裁法第二十六条规定的“首次开庭”是指答辩期满后人民法院组织的第一次开庭审理，不包括审前程序中的各项活动。

   Article 15   Where a people's court tries a case to determine the validity of an arbitration agreement, it shall form a collegiate panel to conduct an examination and make inquiry to the parties.

     第十五条 人民法院审理仲裁协议效力确认案件，应当组成合议庭进行审查，并询问当事人。

   Article 16   With respect to examining the validity of an arbitration agreement involving foreign elements, the law agreed upon by the parties shall apply. If the parties have not agreed upon an applicable law but have agreed upon the place of arbitration, the law of that place shall apply. If the parties have agreed upon neither an applicable law nor the place of arbitration, or they fail to clearly agree upon the place of arbitration, the law of the court shall apply.

     第十六条 对涉外仲裁协议的效力审查，适用当事人约定的法律；当事人没有约定适用的法律但约定了仲裁地的，适用仲裁地法律；没有约定适用的法律也没有约定仲裁地或者仲裁地约定不明的，适用法院地法律。

   Article 17   Where a party concerned applies, based on a cause that is not listed under Article 58 of the Arbitration Law or Article 260 of the Civil Procedure Law, for vacating an arbitration award, the people's court shall not uphold the application.

(Note: According to the Decision of the Supreme People's Court on the Adjustment to Article Numbers of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China Cited in the Judicial Interpretations and Other Documents promulgated on December 16, 2008, this article has been revised, which now reads, "where a party concerned applies, based on a cause that is not listed under Article 58 of the Arbitration Law or Article 258 of the Civil Procedure Law, for vacating an arbitration award, the people's court shall not uphold the application.")

     第十七条 当事人以不属于仲裁法第五十八条或者民事诉讼法第二百六十条规定的事由申请撤销仲裁裁决的，人民法院不予支持。

    （注：根据2008年12月16日发布的最高人民法院关于调整司法解释等文件中引用《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》条文序号的决定，本条已被修改为:“当事人以不属于仲裁法第五十八条或者民事诉讼法第二百五十八条规定的事由申请撤销仲裁裁决的，人民法院不予支持。”）

   Article 18   For the purposes of Item (1) of Paragraph 1 of Article 58 of the Arbitration Law, that "no arbitration agreement has been reached" means that the parties concerned have failed to reach an arbitration agreement. A situation in which an arbitration agreement is determined invalid or repealed should be deemed as "no arbitration agreement has been reached".

     第十八条 仲裁法第五十八条第一款第一项规定的“没有仲裁协议”是指当事人没有达成仲裁协议。仲裁协议被认定无效或者被撤销的，视为没有仲裁协议。

   Article 19   Where a party concerned alleges that an arbitrated matter under an arbitration award exceeds the scope of its arbitration agreement and thus applies to have the award vacated, the people's court shall vacate the section of the award that is beyond the agreement's scope after having verified, through examination, that the allegation is supported by facts. If that section is non-severable from the remaining arbitrated matters under the award, the people's court shall vacate the entire award.

     第十九条 当事人以仲裁裁决事项超出仲裁协议范围为由申请撤销仲裁裁决，经审查属实的，人民法院应当撤销仲裁裁决中的超裁部分。但超裁部分与其他裁决事项不可分的，人民法院应当撤销仲裁裁决。

   Article 20   For the purposes of Article 58 of the Arbitration Law, "violation of statutory procedures" refers to circumstances where the arbitration proceedings under the Arbitration Law have been violated and where the arbitration rules selected by the parties are likely to affect the accurate ruling of the case.

     第二十条 仲裁法第五十八条规定的“违反法定程序”，是指违反仲裁法规定的仲裁程序和当事人选择的仲裁规则可能影响案件正确裁决的情形。

   Article 21   The people's court may notify the relevant arbitral tribunal to start to re-arbitrate a case within a certain time limit pursuant to Article 61 of the Arbitration Law if the case concerning a party's application to vacate a domestic arbitration award involves either of the following circumstances:

(1) The award is made according to fabricated evidence;

(2) The other party has concealed evidence that is sufficient to affect the impartiality of the award.

The people's court shall describe in its notice the specific reason for the request to re-arbitrate the case.

     第二十一条 当事人申请撤销国内仲裁裁决的案件属于下列情形之一的，人民法院可以依照仲裁法第六十一条的规定通知仲裁庭在一定期限内重新仲裁：

    （一）仲裁裁决所根据的证据是伪造的；

    （二）对方当事人隐瞒了足以影响公正裁决的证据的。

    人民法院应当在通知中说明要求重新仲裁的具体理由。

   Article 22   Where an arbitral tribunal starts to re-arbitrate a case within the time limit specified by the relevant people's court, the court shall rule to terminate the award vacating procedure. Where an arbitral tribunal fails to start to re-arbitrate a case within the time limit specified by the relevant people's court, the court shall rule to resume the award vacating procedure.

     第二十二条 仲裁庭在人民法院指定的期限内开始重新仲裁的，人民法院应当裁定终结撤销程序;未开始重新仲裁的，人民法院应当裁定恢复撤销程序。

   Article 23   A party concerned who refuses to accept an award made after the case is re-arbitrated may, within six months of the date when the award is served, apply to a people's court to have the award vacated in accordance with Article 58 of the Arbitration Law (wherein the circumstances enabling application to vacate an arbitration award are specified).

     第二十三条 当事人对重新仲裁裁决不服的，可以在重新仲裁裁决书送达之日起六个月内依据仲裁法第五十八条规定向人民法院申请撤销。

   Article 24   With respect to a case on the application of a party concerned to vacate an arbitration award, the relevant people's court shall form a collegiate panel to try the case and make inquiry of the parties.

     第二十四条 当事人申请撤销仲裁裁决的案件，人民法院应当组成合议庭审理，并询问当事人。

   Article 25   If a party concerned files an application to enforce an arbitration award after a people's court has accepted the other party's application to vacate the award, the people's court that accepted the enforcement application shall, after its acceptance, rule to suspend enforcement.

     第二十五条 人民法院受理当事人撤销仲裁裁决的申请后，另一方当事人申请执行同一仲裁裁决的，受理执行申请的人民法院应当在受理后裁定中止执行。

   Article 26   Where the application of a party concerned to a people's court to vacate an arbitration award is dismissed, and subsequently the party raises a defense during the enforcement proceedings to deny the enforcement with the same reason as the basis for such defense, the people's court shall not uphold that defense.

     第二十六条 当事人向人民法院申请撤销仲裁裁决被驳回后，又在执行程序中以相同理由提出不予执行抗辩的，人民法院不予支持。

   Article 27   Where a party fails to submit an objection to the validity of an arbitration agreement during arbitration proceedings, and such party, on the basis of the invalidity of the arbitration agreement, alleges that the award shall be vacated, or defends that the enforcement thereof shall be denied, after an arbitration award is made, the people's court shall not uphold that position.

Where a party submits an objection to the validity of an arbitration agreement during arbitration proceedings, and such party, on the basis of the invalidity of the arbitration agreement, alleges that the award shall be vacated, or defends that the enforcement thereof shall be denied, after an arbitration award is made, the people's court shall uphold that position if the position is verified, through examination, to be in conformity with Article 58 of the Arbitration Law, Article 217 or Article 260 of the Civil Procedure Law.

(Note: According to the Decision of the Supreme People's Court on the Adjustment to Article Numbers of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China Cited in the Judicial Interpretations and Other Documents promulgated on December 16, 2008, this paragraph has been revised, which now reads, "where a party submits an objection to the validity of an arbitration agreement during arbitration proceedings, and such party, on the basis of the invalidity of the arbitration agreement, alleges that the award shall be vacated, or defends that the enforcement thereof shall be denied, after an arbitration award is made, the people's court shall uphold that position if the position is verified, through examination, to be in conformity with Article 58 of the Arbitration Law, Article 213 or Article 258 of the Civil Procedure Law.")

     第二十七条 当事人在仲裁程序中未对仲裁协议的效力提出异议，在仲裁裁决作出后以仲裁协议无效为由主张撤销仲裁裁决或者提出不予执行抗辩的，人民法院不予支持。

    当事人在仲裁程序中对仲裁协议的效力提出异议，在仲裁裁决作出后又以此为由主张撤销仲裁裁决或者提出不予执行抗辩，经审查符合仲裁法第五十八条或者民事诉讼法第二百一十七条、第二百六十条规定的，人民法院应予支持。

    （注：根据2008年12月16日发布的最高人民法院关于调整司法解释等文件中引用《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》条文序号的决定，本款已被修改为:“当事人在仲裁程序中对仲裁协议的效力提出异议，在仲裁裁决作出后又以此为由主张撤销仲裁裁决或者提出不予执行抗辩，经审查符合仲裁法第五十八条或者民事诉讼法第二百一十三条、第二百五十八条规定的，人民法院应予支持。”）

   Article 28   Where a party requests to deny the enforcement of an arbitration mediation document or that of an arbitration award made according to the settlement agreement between the parties, the people's court shall not uphold that request.

     第二十八条 当事人请求不予执行仲裁调解书或者根据当事人之间的和解协议作出的仲裁裁决书的，人民法院不予支持。

   Article 29   With respect to a case where a party concerned applies to enforce an arbitration award, its competent court of jurisdiction shall be the intermediate people's court of the place where the person subject to enforcement is domiciled or where the property subject to enforcement is located.

     第二十九条 当事人申请执行仲裁裁决案件，由被执行人住所地或者被执行的财产所在地的中级人民法院管辖。

   Article 30   According to the specific requirements for trying a case on vacating or enforcing an arbitration award, the people's court may request explanations or access to the arbitration files from the relevant arbitration institution. A ruling made by a people's court, in handling a case involving arbitration, may be served on the relevant arbitration institution.

     第三十条 根据审理撤销、执行仲裁裁决案件的实际需要，人民法院可以要求仲裁机构作出说明或者向相关仲裁机构调阅仲裁案卷。

    人民法院在办理涉及仲裁的案件过程中作出的裁定，可以送相关的仲裁机构。

   Article 31   This Interpretation shall become effective from the date of promulgation.

     第三十一条 本解释自公布之日起实施。

In the case of any discrepancy between any judicial interpretation promulgated by the Supreme People's Court at an earlier time and this Interpretation, this Interpretation shall prevail.

    本院以前发布的司法解释与本解释不一致的，以本解释为准。