程序公正，即程序正义，Procedural Justice。是指裁判过程（相对于裁判结果而言）的公平和法律程序（相对于实体结论而言）的正义。视为“看得见的正义”，用最通俗的语言解释，就是案件不仅要判得正确、公平，并完全符合实体法的规定和精神，而且还应当使人感受到判决过程的公平性和合理性。换句话说，司法机构对一个案件的判决，即使非常公正、合理、合法，也还是不够的；要使裁判结论得到人们的普遍认可，裁判者必须确保判决过程符合公正、正义的要求。因此，所谓的“看得见的正义”，实质上就是指裁判过程（相对于裁判结果而言）的公平，法律程序（相对于实体结论而言）的正义。Procedural justice concerns the fairness and the transparency of the processes by which decisions are made, and may be contrasted with distributive justice (fairness in the distribution of rights or resources), and retributive justice (fairness in the punishment of wrongs). Hearing all parties before a decision is made is one step which would be considered appropriate to be taken in order that a process may then be characterised as procedurally fair。

实体公正，即实体正义，substantial justice是指国家司法人员在执法的过程中严格按照行政民事和刑事等实体法的规定处理各种类型的案件。实体公正的实现具有相对性和不确定性，体现个别正义。Substantial justice means justice administered according to rules of substantive law in a fair manner. Here, the litigant’s substantive rights are protected from the procedural errors of litigation. Substantial justice ensures a fair trial on merits.

程序公正的实现是通过制定法律制度，规定实体公正的维护机关的工作程序，以程序公正最终促进实现实体公正。

示例1：

The value of public procedure includes substantial justice, procedural justice and procedural interest. 

公诉的价值包括实体正义、程序正义和诉讼效益。

示例2：

Legal justice generally reflects substantial justice and procedural justice. Resultant justice is on the basis of procedural justice, and there isn't a conflict between them. 

法律正义一般表现为实体正义和程序正义。程序正义是结果正义的根据，它们之间也不存在冲突。

示例3：

从根本上讲，程序公正是实体公正的有效保障。完备的程序制度，能最大限度地为防范冤假错案提供制度保障。比如说，指控的证据不足以证明有罪，就应当依法宣告无罪；查明认定存在非法证据，就应当依法予以排除；在适用死刑上不能存在任何的合理怀疑，在定罪和量刑的事实、证据上凡存在合理怀疑者，坚决不适用死刑。

Fundamentally, procedural justice is the effective guarantee of substantive guarantee. A fully complete procedural system can provide system guarantee for minimizing unjust and false cases. For example, one should be declared not guilty if there is not sufficient evidence; illegally obtained evidence shall be excluded according to law once identified through investigation; no reasonable doubt is allowed when applying the death penalty and whenever a reasonable doubt exists with respect to the facts and evidence used for conviction and sentencing, no death penalty shall apply.