法律英语中的“collusive”和及其相关法律术语解读

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Collusive一词在法律英语较为常见,可翻译为为“互相串通的;互相勾结的”,其名词形式为collusion,根据元照词典中的解,该词表示两人或者两人以上为了损害第三方的合法权益或获取非法利益而达成的协议。

①Collusive action表示“串通的诉讼”,指的是诉讼的双方当事人之间不存在实际的争议,只是为了获得法院对某一法律问题的裁决之目的而提起的诉讼。

②Collusive joinder在英美法中表示“串通合并;共谋合并”,指的是将某人合并为诉讼的被告,目的在于取得联邦法院对案件的管辖权。《联邦民事诉讼规则》(Federal Rules of Civil Procedure)明确规定,如确为共谋合并,则法院不能取得管辖权。

③Collusive divorce在英美法中表示“串通离婚”,指的是夫妻间达成的协议,约定一方实施或表面实施或根据已实施了违反婚姻义务的行为,以达到离婚的目的。

参考双语例句:

Recognising that leniency programme is increasingly regarded as an effective tool in detecting and prosecuting collusive behaviour in recent years and in order to provide greater certainty for leniency arrangement under the Bill, Part 4 of the Bill also empowers the Commission to enter into leniency agreements with persons who have allegedly contravened the conduct rules in exchange for their cooperation in the Commission’s investigation and bringing enforcement proceedings before the Tribunal in respect of other parties involved in the same contravention.

考虑到近年宽待计划日益视为有效侦测和检控合谋行为的工具,以及为在条例草案设定更明确的宽待安排,条例草案第4部亦授权竞委会与被指违反行为守则的人士订立宽待协议,条件是该等人士须与竞委会合作,在调查阶段和就其他涉案各方在审裁处强制执行法律程序时提供协助。

It was agreed that the discussion of collusion should include the following elements: (a) collusion occurs where two or more suppliers or contractors, or one or more supplier(s) or contractor(s) and the procuring entity, work in tandem to manipulate the market in a way detrimental to obtaining an optimal outcome in the given procurement; (b) the manipulation might affect the price, keeping it artificially high, or other elements of a submission (such as the quality offered); alternatively, it could involve an agreement to share the market by artificially inflating prices or artificially distorting other elements of a submission, or an agreement not to present submissions or otherwise to distort fair competition; (c) collusion would probably violate the law of the State; (d) collusion involved the intention of the parties concerned to collude; and (e) the complicity of representatives of the procuring entity in collusion was not uncommon.

会议商定,关于串通问题的论述应当 包括以下各点:(a)串通是在两个或多个供应商或承包商、或者在一个或多个供应商或承包商与采购实体联手操纵市场以致妨碍取得特定采购最佳结果的情况下发生的;(b)操纵可能影响到价 格,人为地将价格保持在高位,也可能影响到提交书的其他方面(如所提议的质量);另外,串通可能涉及相互约定瓜分市场,人为哄抬价格或者人为地造成提交书其他方面发生扭曲,串通还可能涉及相互约定不递交提交书,或以其他方式使公平竞争发生扭曲;(c)串通行为可能违反有关国家的法律;(d)串通涉及有关各方串谋的意图;(e)采购实体的代表卷入串通的事情屡见不鲜。

发布于 2022-02-25 16:30:24
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