政策性银行 policy banks

所谓政策性银行，主要是指由政府创立或担保、以贯彻国家产业政策和区域发展政策为目的、具有特殊的融资原则、不以盈利为目标的金融机构。我国政策性银行的金融业务受中国人民银行的指导和监督。

在经济发展过程中，常常存在一些商业银行从盈利角度考虑不愿意融资的领域，或者其资金实力难以达到的领域。这些领域通常包括那些对国民经济发展、社会稳定具有重要意义，投资规模大、周期长、经济效益见效慢、资金回收时间长的项目，如农业开发项目、重要基础设施建设项目等。为了扶持这些项目，政府往往实行各种鼓励措施，各国通常采用的办法是设立政策性银行，专门对这些项目融资。这样做，不仅是从财务角度考虑，而且有利于集中资金，支持重大项目的建设。

Policy banks of China (Chinese: 政策性银行; pinyin: Zhèngcèxìng Yínháng), policy lenders or institutional banks refer to two Chinese banks set up by State Council of China in 1994, namely The Export–Import Bank of China (Exim) and the Agricultural Development Bank of China (ADBC). The two banks aim at implementing economic policies of the government and conducting non-profit businesses in particular sectors. China Development Bank (CDB) used to be one of such banks before its shift to a corporation in 2008. 相关例句如下，可供参考：

例句1

China’s specialized policy banks were designed to help the government achieve its long-term goals in areas where profit-driven banks might be reluctant to lend. Beijing can also draw on them when there’s a pressing short-term need to boost the economy. This year, as China tries to pull itself out of a Covid-induced economic weak patch, the government is calling on them for “national service” yet again.

中国的专业政策性银行旨在帮助政府在受利润驱动的银行可能不愿放贷的领域实现长期目标。当短期内迫切需要提振经济时，北京也可以利用它们。今年，因为中国试图摆脱新冠肺炎疫情引发的经济疲软，政府再次呼吁他们提供“国民服务”。

例句2

Beijing asked the policy banks in early June to provide $120 billion in funding for infrastructure projects as part of broader efforts to support Covid-hit businesses. As China struggles to meet its economic growth target of around 5.5% -- which is already well under last year’s rate of 8.1% -- more such measures are expected. Following an economic downturn beginning in 2014, the CDB accelerated funding for a “shantytown renovation” campaign, which stabilized the economy and fueled a property boom.

北京在6月初要求政策性银行为基础设施项目提供1200亿美元的资金，作为支持受新冠肺炎疫情打击的企业的更广泛努力的一部分。鉴于中国努力实现5.5%左右的经济增长目标（这已经远低于去年8.1%的增速），预计会有更多此类措施出台。在2014年开始的经济衰退之后，CDB加快了对“棚户区改造”项目的资助，这稳定了经济，刺激了房地产繁荣。

例句3

Unlike the commercial lenders that vie for deposits from the public, the policy banks mainly source their funds by issuing bonds with higher credit ratings than commercial banks. Those bonds are highly desirable as they can be used as collateral for borrowing from China’s central bank, thereby keeping borrowing costs low for the policy banks.

与争夺公众存款的商业银行不同，政策性银行主要通过发行信用评级高于商业银行的债券来筹集资金。这些债券非常受欢迎，因为它们可以用作从中国央行借款的抵押品，从而保持政策性银行的低借贷成本。

例句4

But China’s policy banks are of a much larger scale and play a bigger role in the country’s more state-directed economy. However, China lacks tailor-made rules for its policy banks, which are regulated like commercial banks.

但中国的政策性银行规模要大得多，在中国更为政府主导的经济中发挥着更大的作用。但是，中国缺乏为其政策性银行量身定制的规则，这些银行像商业银行一样受到监管。

相关知识拓展：

政策性银行的特征

政策性银行与商业银行和其他非银行金融机构相比，有共性的一面，如要对贷款进行严格审查，贷款要还本付息、周转使用等。但作为政策性金融机构，也有其特征：一是政策性银行的资本金多由政府财政拨付；二是政策性银行经营时主要考虑国家的整体利益、社会效益，不以盈利为目标，但政策性银行的资金并不是财政资金，政策性银行也必须考虑盈亏，坚持银行管理的基本原则，力争保本微利；三是政策性银行有其特定的资金来源，主要依靠发行金融债券或向中央银行举债，一般不面向公众吸收存款；四是政策性银行有特定的业务领域，不与商业银行竞争。