客户尽职调查 Customer Due Diligence
客户尽职调查(Customer Due Diligence,CDD)是一个西方的商务术语,取自英文Customer Due Diligence,意为在与一个陌生的客户签署商务协议前例行的客户背景调查程序,以对即将开展的业务关系可能存在的风险进行评估。台湾将其翻译为“客户实地调查" ,取其为尽审慎义务实地考察之意。
从字面上解释,CDD至少包含两层意思,一是应尽的义务和职责,二是为获取足够信息应当主动付出各种勤勉努力,而不应有所懈怠取巧。虽然CDD目前在我国商务领域还存在不同的对应中文表述,但在反洗钱监管领域,我国有关部门已将其统一规范表述为客户尽职调查。客户尽职调查作为金融机构与客户接触的第一道程序,在国际银行监管和反洗钱国际组织制定的标准规范中,都被放在了首要地位。
Customer due diligence (CDD) is the act of performing background checks and other screening on the customer to ensure that they are properly risk-assessed before being onboarded. CDD is at the heart of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC) initiatives. It is designed to help banks and financial institutions prevent financial crimes like money laundering, terrorist financing, human and drug trafficking and fraud. 以下为相关例句,供参考:
例句1
The Customer due diligence (CDD) Rule, which amends Bank Secrecy Act regulations, aims to improve financial transparency and prevent criminals and terrorists from misusing companies to disguise their illicit activities and launder their ill-gotten gains. The CDD Rule clarifies and strengthens customer due diligence requirements for U.S. banks, mutual funds, brokers or dealers in securities, futures commission merchants, and introducing brokers in commodities. The CDD Rule requires these covered financial institutions to identify and verify the identity of the natural persons (known as beneficial owners) of legal entity customers who own, control, and profit from companies when those companies open accounts.
客户尽职调查(CDD)规则修正了《银行保密法》的规定,旨在提高金融透明度,防止犯罪分子和恐怖分子滥用公司来掩盖其非法活动和清洗其非法所得。CDD规则阐明并加强了对美国银行、共同基金、证券经纪人或交易商、期货佣金商和商品介绍经纪人的客户尽职调查要求。CDD规则要求这些金融机构在公司开户时,识别并核实拥有、控制公司并从中获利的法人实体客户的自然人(称为受益所有人)的身份。
例句2
Customer Due Diligence (CDD) refers to the act of collecting identifying information in order to verify a customer’s identity and more accurately assess the level of criminal risk they present. At a basic level, CDD requires firms to collect a customer’s name and address, information about the business in which they are involved, and how they will use their account. In order to ensure that customers are being honest, companies should then verify that information with reference to official documents such as driving licenses, passports, utility bills, and incorporation documents.
客户尽职调查(CDD)指的是收集识别信息的行为,以核实客户的身份,并更准确地评估他们的犯罪风险水平。在基本层面上,CDD要求公司收集客户的姓名和地址,有关他们参与的业务的信息,以及他们将如何使用他们的账户。为了确保客户是诚实的,公司应该参考官方文件,如驾驶执照、护照、公用事业账单和公司注册文件来核实这些信息。
例句3
In order to understand the money laundering risks that they face, banks and financial institutions, and obligated financial service providers must verify the identities of their customers, and the nature of the business in which they are involved. The process of establishing customer identities is known as customer due diligence (CDD).
为了了解他们面临的洗钱风险,银行和金融机构以及有义务的金融服务提供者必须核实其客户的身份,以及他们参与的业务的性质。确定客户身份的过程被称为客户尽职调查(CDD)。
例句4
Customer Due Diligence (CDD) regulations typically include a requirement for companies to maintain records of the information they collect for at least five years. This includes copies of all identification documents (driving licenses, passports, birth certificates, etc.) and business documentation. Companies should be able to comply quickly and efficiently with requests for records from competent authorities, and enable those authorities to reconstruct individual transactions, including details of the amounts of money and types of currency involved.
客户尽职调查(CDD)法规通常要求公司将收集的信息记录保存至少五年。这包括所有身份证明文件的复印件(驾驶执照、护照、出生证明等)和业务文档。公司应该能够迅速有效地满足主管当局的记录要求,并使这些当局能够重建各项交易,包括所涉金额和货币种类的详细情况。
相关知识拓展:
中国的客户尽职调查的制度:
随着金融行业的发展和我国逐步融入国际反洗钱体系,我国客户尽职调查制度也在不断地演变、健全。以2006年《反洗钱法》的颁布和2012年金融行动特别工作组(FATF)发布《新40项建议》为分界线,我国客户尽职调查制度的演变大致分为三个阶段。
一是“账户实名制”时期(2006年以前)。这一时期,为便利支付结算、保护存款人利益和完善金融基础设施等目的,人民银行出台了《个人存款账户实名制》《人民币银行结算账户管理办法》。虽然这些制度并未使用“客户尽职调查”或“客户身份识别”字眼,但是提出了账户真实性审核要求,并禁止开立假名、匿名账户,相当于对客户开展了初步的尽职调查。
二是形式合规时期(2007~2012年)。受我国加入FATF的推动,为充分发挥反洗钱对维护金融秩序的作用,我国颁布了《反洗钱法》,并制定了《金融机构客户身份识别和客户身份资料及交易记录保存管理办法》,规定金融机构在客户身份初次识别、持续识别和重新识别各个环节的操作要求,标志着我国客户尽职调查制度正式确立。
三是“风险为本”时期(2012年以后)。2012年FATF发布了新的反洗钱国际标准,更加强调“风险为本”反洗钱方法。与此同时,非银行支付机构陆续获得支付业务许可,随后又不断出现各类互联网金融新兴业态。为符合国际标准并满足国内实践,2012年以来,人民银行单独或会同有关部门陆续出台多项制度,包括《支付机构反洗钱和反恐怖融资管理办法》《金融机构洗钱和恐怖融资风险评估及客户分类管理指引》《关于进一步做好受益所有人识别工作有关问题的通知》《互联网金融从业机构反洗钱和反恐怖融资管理办法(试行)》等多个规范性文件,明确新机构客户尽职调查要求、增加受益所有人识别、客户风险评估和分类管理、高风险领域客户尽职调查等要求。随着各项制度的陆续出台,我国金融行业客户尽职调查制度基本成型。与此同时,2018年以来,我国在特定非金融领域反洗钱制度方面实现突破,人民银行或有关部门陆续出台关于贵金属、房地产、会计师等行业的反洗钱规定,明确特定非金融行业客户尽职调查义务。