了解法律中的法定不起诉、酌定不起诉和证据不足不起诉

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法定不起诉(Statutory non-prosecution):也称绝对不起诉,指人民检察院对公安机关侦查终结移送起诉的案件或者自己侦查终结的案件进行审查后,认为犯罪嫌疑人的行为不构成犯罪或依法不应追究刑事责任,从而作出不将犯罪嫌疑人诉至人民法院审判的一种处理决定。法定不起诉适用于以下七种情形:

1、犯罪嫌疑人没有犯罪事实的;

2、情节显著轻微、危害不大,不认为是犯罪的;

3、犯罪已过追诉时效期限的;

4、经特赦令免除刑罚的;

5、依照刑法告诉才处理的犯罪,没有告诉或者撤回告诉的;

6、犯罪嫌疑人、被告人死亡的;

7、其他法律规定免予追究刑事责任的。


酌定不起诉(Discretional non-prosecution):也称相对不起诉,或裁量不起诉,对于犯罪情节轻微,依照刑法规定不需要判处刑罚或者免除刑罚的,检察院可以作出不起诉决定。

《刑事诉讼法》第177条第2款规定:

对于犯罪情节轻微,依照刑法规定不需要判处刑罚或者免除刑罚的,人民检察院可以作出不起诉决定。


证据不足不起诉(Insufficient-evidence non-prosecution):《刑事诉讼法》规定,对于二次补充侦查的案件,人民检察院仍然认为证据不足,不符合起诉条件的,应当作出不起诉的决定。这种不起诉的适用前提是案件必须经过补充侦查。


参考双语例句:

The participants also stressed the importance of properly identifying trafficked persons as such from the moment they suffered harms and applying the principle of non-criminalization and non-prosecution of trafficked persons as the fundamental first step in providing remedies to trafficked persons.

与会者还强调说,在遭贩运者受伤害之初即作出正确识别,并作为基本的第一步,在为遭贩运者提供补救办法时以不对遭贩运者提起刑事诉讼和不起诉为原则,这一点至关重要。

The Ministers took note with appreciation of the role of the United Nations Global initiative to fight human trafficking (UNGIFT) to coordinate actions between the United Nations system, civil society, non-governmental organizations and the private sector, in order to assist Governments, upon their request, to ensure the prosecution and prevention of human trafficking, as well as to ensure that victims are accorded all the necessary remedies and their human rights are fully protected.

各位部长赞赏地注意到《联合国打击人口贩运全球倡议》在协调联合国系统、民间社会、非政府组织和私营部门之间的行动方面起到的作用,以应其要求帮助各国政府确保起诉和防止人口贩运行为,并确保受害者获得所有必要的补救办法,确保其人权得到充分保护。

The Committee is also concerned that the rate of mandatory reporting of domestic violence is very low, that legal action against perpetrators is seldom taken and that a number of settled cases have resulted in non-prosecution (art. 10).

委员会还关切地指出,家庭暴力事件的法定报告比例非常低,对于行凶者极少采取法律行动,多起案件最终没有提出起诉

发布于 2022-10-30 20:28:15
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