bull call spread 牛市看涨期权价差
牛市看涨期权价差是指投资者在买进一个协定价格较低的看涨期权的同时,又卖出一个标的物相同、到期日也相同,但协定价格较高的看涨期权。
对看涨期权而言,协定价格较低,则期权费较高;反之,协定价格较高,则期权费较低。所以,在牛市看涨期权价差交易中,投资者所付出的期权费必多于他所收取的期权费,从而发生期权费的净支出。同时,对看涨期权而言,若市场价格高于协定价格,则期权将被执行;而若市场价格等于或低于协定价格,则期权将被放弃。因此,在牛市看涨期权价差中,若市场价格等于或低于较低协定价格,则因买进的期权和卖出的期权均被放弃。故投资者在建立这一部位时所发生的期权费净支出,将成为他从事这一价差交易的最大损失。相反,若市场价格等于或高于较高协定价格,则投资者将可获得最大利润。这是因为当市场价格等于较高协定价格时,投资者买进的[期权]被执行,并通过执行而获得利润,而他所卖出的期权将被放弃。但当市场价格高于较高协定价格时,投资者虽可在执行其买进的期权中获取更多的利润,但他同时又因执行其卖出的期权而发生相应的亏损。所以,若市场价格在涨至较高协定价格之后继续上涨,投资者从这种上涨中增加的利润将正好被这种上涨所造成的亏损所抵消。由此可见,在牛市看涨期权价差交易中,投资者的最大利润与最大损失都是有限的,且是已知的。
A bull call spread is an option strategy that involves the purchase of a call option and the simultaneous sale of another option with the same expiration date but a higher strike price. It is one of the four basic types of price spreads or “vertical” spreads, which involve the concurrent purchase and sale of two puts or calls with the same expiration but different strike prices. In a bull call spread, the premium paid for the call purchased (which constitutes the long call leg) is always more than the premium received for the call sold (the short call leg). As a result, the initiation of a bull call spread strategy involves an upfront cost - or “debit” in trading parlance - which is why it is also known as a debit call spread. 以下为具体例句,可供参考,以加深对该术语的理解:
例句1
Moderate upside is expected: This strategy is ideal when the trader or investor expects moderate upside, rather than huge gains. If huge gains are expected, it's better to hold long calls only, in order to derive the maximum profit. With a bull call spread, the short call leg caps gains if the security appreciates substantially.
预期适度上涨:当交易者或投资者预期适度上涨,而不是巨额收益时,这种策略是理想的。如果预期会有巨大的收益,为了获得最大的利润,最好只做多头。在牛市看涨期权价差的情况下,如果证券大幅升值,空头看涨期权将限制收益。
例句2
Leverage is desired: Options are suitable when leverage is desired, and the bull call spread is no exception. For a given amount of investment capital, the trader can get more leverage with the bull call spread than by purchasing the security outright.
杠杆是需要的:当需要杠杆时,期权是合适的,牛市看涨期权价差也不例外。对于给定数量的投资资本,交易者可以从牛市看涨期权价差中获得比直接购买证券更多的杠杆。
例句3
The bull call spread is a suitable option strategy for taking a position with limited risk and moderate upside. In most cases, a trader may prefer to close the options position to take profits or mitigate losses, rather than exercising the option and then closing the position, due to the significantly higher commission.
牛市看涨期权价差是一种合适的期权策略,适合持有风险有限、上涨空间适中的头寸。在大多数情况下,由于佣金明显较高,交易者可能更喜欢平仓期权头寸以获利或减轻损失,而不是行使期权然后平仓。
相关知识拓展:
牛市看跌期权价差(bull put spread)是指投资者在买进一个较低协定价格的看跌期权的同时,又卖出一个标的物相同、到期日也相同,但协定价格较高的看跌期权。
对看跌期权来说,协定价格较低,则期权费也较低;协定价格较高,则期权费也较高。所以,在建立牛市看跌期权价差部位时,投资者所收取的期权费将多于他所支付的期权费,从而发生期权费的净收入。同时,对看跌期权而言,若市场价格低于协定价格,则期权将被执行;而若市场价格等于或高于协定价格,则期权将被放弃。所以,在牛市看跌期权价差中,当市场价格等于或高于较高协定价格时,投资者所买进的期权和卖出的期权都将被放弃。于是,在建立这一价差部位时所发生的期权费净收入,就成为投资者的最大利润。反之,当市场价格等于或低于较高协定价格时,投资者将发生最大损失。这是因为当市场价格等于或低于较高协定价格时,只有卖出的期权被执行,而买进的期权被放弃。在执行卖出的期权时,投资者将受到损失。但是,如果市场价格在跌至较低协定价格之后继续下跌,则投资者所买进的期权也将被执行。于是,他在执行其卖出的期权时所增加的损失,将由执行其买进的期权所获得的利润所抵消。这就说明,在牛市看跌期权价差交易中,投资者的最大利润与最大损失也是有限的和已知的。