了解Black Swan和Gray Rhino

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Black Swan,即黑天鹅事件,指非常难以预测,且不寻常的事件,通常会引起市场连锁负面反应甚至颠覆。难以预测,但突然发生时会引起连锁反应、带来巨大负面影响的小概率事件。它存在于自然、经济、政治等各个领域,虽然属于偶然事件,但如果处理不好就会导致系统性风险,产生严重后果。


黑天鹅事件指满足以下三个特点的事件:

1.具有意外性;

2.产生重大影响;

3.虽然它具有意外性,但人的本性促使我们在事后为它的发生编造理由,并且或多或少认为它是可解释和可预测的。


Gray Rhino,即灰犀牛事件,是指明显的、高概率的却又屡屡被人忽视、最终有可能酿成大危机的事件。它在社会各个领域都会出现,发酵之前往往不被重视,以致错失了最好的处理或控制风险的时机,最后可能导致极其严重的后果。


Black Swan“黑天鹅”比喻小概率而影响巨大的事件;

Gray Rhino“灰犀牛”则比喻大概率且影响巨大的潜在危机。


参考双语例句:

Markets might be undermined by what Nassim Taleb, an author, has described as a “black swan”—an event with a small probability of happening, but a big impact if it does.

市场有可能被作家塔雷伯所描述的“黑天鹅”(发生几率很小,但可造成重大影响的事件)所击垮。

Mr Taleb defines a Black Swan as an event that is unexpected, has an extreme impact and is made to seem predictable by explanations concocted afterwards. It can be both positive and negative.

塔布勒将“黑天鹅”定义为影响巨大的意外事件,却在事后制定解释时被认为是可预测的,比如911事件和互联网的兴起。

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发布于 2023-01-04 20:03:15
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