Presumption of death是一个法律术语，翻译为“推定死亡”。

根据香港法例，若配偶失踪达七年或以上时间，在世的配偶可以向法庭申请，推定失踪配偶已死亡。若法庭颁下命令，在世配偶便可处理失踪配偶的遗产。

在英国普通法中，关于某人已死亡的推定。如果配偶一方失踪已7年以上(而并无任何事实可表明他或她仍在世)，或者由于其他合理的理由(例如，该配偶曾在已沉设的船舶上)，即可作出这种推定。法院有权颁发死亡推定和婚姻消灭的命令，以便使另一方配偶能够再婚；即使第一个配偶于以后再出现，再婚仍有效。

Presumption一词表示推定，在法律中，推定是作出某一事实存在与否的判断（或根据某一事实的存在而作出的与之相关的另一事实存在与否的判断）(有的不需要根据任何事实)，这种推定与证据问题息息相关，它可以免除主张推定事实的一方当事人的举证责任，并把证明不存在推定事实的证明责任转移于对方当事人。

其他相关法律术语：

Rebuttable presumption 可反驳的推定

Presumption of innocence 无罪推定

Presumption of law 法律的推定

Presumption of fact 事实的推定

Presumption of good faith 善意推定

参考双语例句：

The Working Group may decide to stop pursuing a case when the competent authority specified in the relevant national law issues a declaration of absence as a result of enforced disappearance or, alternatively, a declaration of presumption of death, and the relatives or other interested parties have manifested, freely and indisputably, their desire not to pursue the case any further. daccess-ods.un.org

在有关国家国内法律规定的主管当局已发表关于因被强迫失踪而人已不在或推定死亡的公告，而亲属或其他有关方面也已自由和无可争议地表示无意继续追查案件的情况下，工作组则可决定停止审理案件。

The court has jurisdiction in proceedings for presumption of death and dissolution of marriage if a petitioner was domiciled at the date of the petition or habitually resident for a period of three years before that date, in Hong Kong.

如属下列情况，法院对推定死亡和婚姻解除的法律程序具有司法管辖权：呈请人在提出呈请当日以香港为居籍，或在该日之前的3年内惯常居于香港。

Furthermore, the introduction of the concepts of disappearance and of presumption of death or, as the case may be, the improvement of the existing legislation on this topic, is considered to be of great benefit, in particular for family members who are left behind, as it would clarify their legal position and status. daccess-ods.un.org

此外，提出失踪或假设死亡的理念或酌情就这一问题改进现有的法律都被认为有极大的助益，尤其是对失踪者的家属，意味着将澄清其法律立场和地位。

In its annual report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/13/30, para. 66), the Working Group reiterated that the trial of civilians by military tribunals usually has an adverse effect on the enjoyment of the right to liberty of person, the right to a fair trial, to appeal against detention and to be tried in public by a legally established, independent, competent and impartial court, the right to a presumption of innocence, to equality of arms and to access to evidence, the right to a free and adequate defence, etc.

在提交人权理事会的年度报告(A/HRC/13/30,第66段)中，工作组重申，军事法庭审判平民对享有人身自由的权利、受到公平审判的权利、对被拘留上诉的权利、由依法设立的独立、公正的主管法院公开审判的权利、被推定无罪的权利、诉讼手段平等和取得证据的权利、得到免费充分辩护的权利等等，通常有负面影响。

The organization and functioning of the courts and tribunals remain in line with the fundamental principles established in particular by international instruments on justice, these being: the independence and impartiality of the judiciary; equality before the law without discrimination; presumption of innocence; the rule requiring that offences and punishments shall be strictly defined by law; the right to a second hearing and the right to a defence, to assistance and to legal aid.

法院和法庭的组织和运行仍符合基本原则，尤其是国际司法条约确立的基本原则：司法独立和公正，法律面前人人平等、不受歧视，无罪推定，犯罪和刑罚的合法性，两级司法机关以及获得司法辩护、援助和帮助的权利。