Guardian ad litem为法律术语，可翻译为“诉讼监护人；专案保护人；监护人；法定监护人。”是指由法院指定为不能处理自己事务的未成年人或成年人采取法律行动的人。

Guardian ad litem：a person appointed by the court only to take legal action on behalf of a minor or an adult not able to handle his/her own affairs. Duties may include filing a lawsuit for an injured child, defending a lawsuit or filing a claim against an estate. Usually a parent will file a petition to be appointed the guardian ad litem of a child hurt in an accident at the same time the lawsuit is filed.

在我国，法定监护人，是指依照法律的直接规定担任无民事行为能力人和限制民事行为能力人的监护人，履行监护职责的人。根据民法通则的规定，法定监护人包括未成年人的法定监护人和精神病人的法定监护人。

未成年人的法定监护人包括三种：

1、未成年人的父母；

2、未成年人的祖父母、外祖父母，关系密切的其他亲属、朋友；

3、未成年人的父母所在单位或者未成年人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会或民政部门等法人组织。担任监护人的顺序依血缘关系和组织关系的远近而确定，顺序在前者排斥顺序在后者。

精神病人的法定监护人包括四种：

1、配偶、父母、成年子女。

2、其他近亲属如有监护能力的祖父母、外祖父母、兄弟姐妹。

3、关系密切的其他亲属、朋友。

4、精神病人的所在单位或住所地的居民委员会和村民委员会、当地的民政部门。

参考双语例句：

This is to ensure that a person under disability will not be denied access to justice simply because no one is willing to act as his next friend / guardian ad litem in court proceedings.

此举可确保无行为能力的人不会因为无人愿意以诉讼保护人或诉讼监护人的身份呢在法庭聆讯中代 表他们而无法寻求公义。

The Committee, therefore, invites the State party to adopt immediate measures to ensure that a guardian ad litem or advisor be appointed for all separated and unaccompanied children irrespective of whether they have made a protection application or not.

因此，委员会请缔约国立即采取措施，确保为所有失散和孤身儿童指定一名诉讼监护人或顾问，而不论其是否提出保护申请。

Subject to appointment by the Court or the discretion of the Official Solicitor as appropriate, the Official Solicitor can act as next friend/guardian ad litem to any person under disability in proceedings before any courts in HKSAR.

法定代表律师可因应法院作出的委任或行使其本身的酌情权，以诉讼保护人或诉讼监护人身份，为无行为能力的人在香港特区任何法院审理的诉讼中行事。

We therefore suggest that such amendments be made when the next opportunity arises, e.g. in the context of the rectification exercise co-ordinated by the Department of Justice or when we review the fee for Director of Social Welfare when acting as the Guardian ad Litem (Rule 8 of the Adoption Rules and Rule 11 of the Convention Adoption Rules refer).

因此，我们提议留待日后有机 会时才 出有关 修订，比如在律政司统筹的 综合修订工作或当我们检讨 社会福利署署长任诉讼监护人的费 用时（请参考《领养规 则》第 8 条及《公约领养规则》第 11 条）才 作 修订。

the originating summons must ask for the appointment of a guardian ad litem and must be supported by an affidavit by the applicant setting out the facts together with the consent to act in writing of the proposed guardian ad litem; and (b) a copy of the originating summons shall be served on the Director, and the judge may appoint such person as he thinks fit to be the guardian ad litem.

凡任何惯常居于香港的人拟按照第 20E(2)条提出 《公约》第 14 条所指的申请，该人须 向署长提出申请，要求评估 他是否适合作为任何惯常居于某缔约国的幼年人的 领 养父 母。