英汉两种不同语言中，重复表现各具特色，其差异体现为英语重替换，少用或尽可能不用重复，而汉语好用重复。本文将介绍两个短语，可以用于在进行汉译英，特别是法律文件的汉译英时，避免重复。

1. the same

“the same”在英文合同中除了用作“the same... as”的固定短语外，主要用来代替前面已经表述过的事物或状况，从而避免重复。比如：

例1：

The Contractor shall comply with the Owner’s design and HSE management system and manuals, and any revision of the same.

承包商应遵守业主的设计、HSE管理体制、手册以及对这些文件的修订。

这里的“the same”代替了“the Owner’s design and HSE management system and manuals”。

例2：

Any repairs or replacements carried out as described above shall be deemed to be effected and made by the Seller, and the guarantee concerned shall remain in effect provided that the same does not result in any detriment to the Goods.

按照上述规定实施的维修替换工作应视为是由卖方实施的，如果该维修替换并没有对货物造成损害，相关的担保仍然有效。

这里的“the same”代替了“the repairs or replacement”。

例3：

Neither the Buyer nor the Seller shall have the right of use other than for the purposes of the Purchase Order, whether directly or indirectly, of any patent, copyright or confidential know-how, trademark (Intellectual Property) provided by the other Party and the rights in such Intellectual Property shall remain with the Party providing the same.

除为执行本采购订单的目的外，买方和卖方皆无权直接或间接使用合同他方提供的专利、版权或专有技术、商标（知识产权），知识产权中的权利仍然属于提供知识产权的一方。

“the same”在这里代替“Intellectual Property”，或者说代替“patent、copyright or confidential know-how, trademark”。

2. “So agree/request/declare/其他动词”结构

例1：

Unless the buyer has received notice from the seller that he will not perform within the period so fixed, the buyer may not, during that period, resort to any remedy for breach of contract. However, the buyer is not deprived thereby of any right he may have to claim damage for delay in performance.

除非买方收到卖方的通知，声称他在所规定的时间内将不会履行义务，否则买方在这段时间内不得对违反合同采取任何补救措施。但是，买方并不因此丧失他对迟延履行义务可能享有的要求损害赔偿的任何权利。

例2：

The risk in respect of goods sold in transit passes to the buyer from the time of the conclusion of the contract. However, if the circumstance so indicate, the risk is assumed by the buyer from the time the goods were handed over to the carrier who issued the documents embodying the contract of carriage. Nevertheless, if at the time of the conclusion of the contract of sale the seller knew or ought to have known that the goods had been lost or damaged and did not disclose this to the buyer, the loss or damage is at the risk of the seller.

对于在运输途中销售的货物，从订立合同时起，风险就转移到买方承担。但是，如果情况这样表明，则从货物交付给签发载有运输合同单据的承运人时起，风险就由买方承担。尽管如此，如果卖方在订立合同时已知道或理应知道货物已经遗失或损坏，而他又不将这一事实告之买方，则这种遗失或损坏应由卖方负责。

例3：

If the party’s failure is due to the failure by a third person whom he has engaged to perform the whole or a part of the contract, that party is exempt from liability only if:

(a) he is exempt under the preceding paragraph; and

(b) the person whom he has so engaged would be so exempt if the provisions of that paragraph were applied to him.

如果当事人不履行义务是由于他所雇请来履行全部或部分合同的第三方不履行义务所致，该当事人只有在以下情况下才能免除责任：

（a）他按照上一款的规定应免除责任；和

（b）假如该项的规定也适用于他据此雇佣的人，这个人也同样会免除责任。