Capital Adequacy Ratio 资本充足率
资本充足率(Capital Adequacy Ratio),也称为资本风险(加权)资产率[ Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio,简称CRAR]。资本充足率是指资本总额与加权风险资产总额的比例。资本充足率反映商业银行在存款人和债权人的资产遭到损失之前,该银行能以自有资本承担损失的程度。规定该项指标的目的在于抑制风险资产的过度膨胀,保护存款人和其他债权人的利益、保证银行等金融机构正常运营和发展。各国金融管理当局一般都有对商业银行资本充足率的管制,目的是监测银行抵御风险的能力。
资本充足率有不同的口径,主要比率有资本对存款的比率、资本对负债的比率、资本对总资产的比率、资本对风险资产的比率等。作为国际银行监督管理基础的《巴塞尔协议》规定,资本充足率以资本对风险加权资产的比率来衡量,其目标标准比率为8%。
Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is also known as Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio (CRAR), is the ratio of a bank's capital to its risk. National regulators track a bank's CAR to ensure that it can absorb a reasonable amount of loss and complies with statutory Capital requirements. It is a measure of a bank's capital. It is expressed as a percentage of a bank's risk-weighted credit exposures. The enforcement of regulated levels of this ratio is intended to protect depositors and promote stability and efficiency of financial systems around the world.
Two types of capital are measured: tier one capital, which can absorb losses without a bank being required to cease trading, and tier two capital, which can absorb losses in the event of a winding-up and so provides a lesser degree of protection to depositors. 相关例句如下:
例句1
Capital adequacy ratio is the ratio which determines the bank's capacity to meet the time liabilities and other risks such as credit risk, operational risk etc. In the most simple formulation, a bank's capital is the "cushion" for potential losses, and protects the bank's depositors and other lenders. Banking regulators in most countries define and monitor CAR to protect depositors, thereby maintaining confidence in the banking system.
资本充足率是决定银行偿付时间负债和其他风险(如信用风险、运营风险等)的能力的比率。最简单的表述是,银行的资本是潜在损失的“缓冲”,保护银行的储户和其他贷款人。大多数国家的银行监管机构对资本充足率进行定义和监控,以保护储户,从而维持对银行体系的信心。
例句2
Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is similar to leverage; in the most basic formulation, it is comparable to the inverse of debt-to-equity leverage formulations (although CAR uses equity over assets instead of debt-to-equity; since assets are by definition equal to debt plus equity, a transformation is required). Unlike traditional leverage, however, CAR recognizes that assets can have different levels of risk.
资本充足率(CAR)类似于杠杆;在最基本的公式中,它相当于债转股杠杆公式的逆公式(尽管CAR使用资产比权益,而不是债转股;因为根据定义,资产等于债务加权益,所以需要进行转换)。然而,与传统的杠杆不同,资本充足率认识到资产可能有不同程度的风险。
例句3
The capital adequacy ratio is calculated by dividing a bank's capital by its risk-weighted assets. Currently, the minimum ratio of capital to risk-weighted assets is 8% under Basel II and 10.5% (which includes a 2.5% conservation buffer) under Basel III. High capital adequacy ratios are those that are higher than the minimum requirements under Basel II and Basel III.
资本充足率的计算方法是将银行的资本除以其风险加权资产。目前,根据《巴塞尔协议二》,资本与风险加权资产的最低比率为8%,根据《巴塞尔协议三》,资本与风险加权资产的最低比率为10.5%(包括2.5%的保护缓冲)。高资本充足率是指高于《巴塞尔协议二》和《巴塞尔协议三》的最低要求的资本充足率。
例句4
A minimum capital adequacy ratio is critical in ensuring that banks have enough cushion to absorb a reasonable amount of losses before they become insolvent and consequently lose depositors’ funds.
最低资本充足率对于确保银行在资不抵债并因此损失储户资金之前有足够的缓冲来吸收合理数量的损失至关重要。
相关知识拓展:
资本充足率Capital adequacy ratio,又叫资本风险(加权)资产率Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio (CRAR)。资本充足率是一个银行的资本总额对其加权风险资产的比率。国家调控者跟踪一个银行的CAR来保证银行可以化解吸收一定量的风险。资本充足率是保证银行等金融机构正常运营和发展所必需的资本比率。
商业银行的资本充足率
商业银行的资本,包括核心资本和附属资本。
核心资本包括实收资本、资本公积金、盈余公积金和未分配利润,附属资本是指贷款准备金。在计算资本总额时,应以商业银行的核心资本加附属资本再扣除以下部分:
(1)购买外汇资本金支出;
(2)不合并列帐的银行和财务附属公司资本中的投资;
(3)在其他银行和金融机构资本中的投资;
(4)呆帐损失尚未冲销的部分。
加权风险资产是根据风险权数(权重)计算出来的资产。1994年2月人民银行发布的《关于商业银行实行资产负债比例管理的通知》的附件二《关于资本成分和资产风险权数的暂行规定》,把金融资产划分为现金、对中央政府和人民银行的授信、对公共企业的债权、对一般企业和个人的贷款、同业拆放和居住楼抵押贷款等六大类表内资产,按风险程度设定风险权数。风险权数划分为0%、10%、20%、50%和100%五类,以此来计算商业银行的加权风险资产。
除了《商业银行法》对商业银行的资本充足率有规定外,人民银行在其与发布的《商业银行资产负债比例管理暂行监控指标》中更明确规定了商业银行的资本充足率指标:资本总额与加权风险资产总额的比例不得低于8%,其中核心资本不得低于6%。附属资本不得超过核心资本的100%。即资本总额月末平均余额与加权风险资产月末平均余额之间的比例应大于或等于8%;核心资本月末平均余额与加权风险资产月末平均余额的比例应大于或等于4%。