两者同时出现时,最好不要都翻译为担保,两者之间还是有一定的区别的。可以将guarantee翻译为“保证”,“security”翻译为“担保”。
元照英美法词典中对两者的解释分别如下:
guarantee
保证
保证人承担保证责任的行为。
guarantee clause
保证条款
合同、契据、抵押等协议中的条款,约定保证人同意为债务人履行债务;2〔G- C-〕美国宪法第四条第四款规定,联邦政府保证各州实行共和政体,并保证在各州发生入侵和内乱时提供保护。
security
(1)担保;担保物;担保人;担保书(2)证券(3)安全;保障
(1)指使某一权利的受益或实现更为安全或确定的东西。担保可以分为两类:人的担保〔personal security〕与财产担保〔security on property〕,后者亦称物保〔real security〕。人的担保是指由第三人担保债务人的债务得到履行,该第三人亦被称为保证人〔surety or guarantor,在苏格兰写作「cautioner」〕。财产担保或者物保则是在特定财产或权利上设定的担保,以补充债务人履行债务之允诺,并在债务人未履行债务时可以优先于其他债权人实现其债权。与人的担保相对,财产担保的一个重要特征是:即使债务人发生破产、逃匿、死亡等事件,债权人亦得通过该担保财产而实现其权利。它包括抵押〔mortgage〕、质押〔pledge〕、留置〔possessory lien〕等不同种类。财产担保可以分为积极担保〔active security〕与消极担保〔passive security〕。对于前者,债权人可以通过出卖担保物的方式实现其债权,例如抵押、质押;对于后者,债权人仅有权扣押财产,直至其债权获得实现,但不得出卖。财产担保亦可分为特定担保〔specific security〕与浮动担保〔shifting security;floating security〕。前者是指在特定财产上设定的担保,例如在某一土地上设定抵押;后者则是指当实现担保时在特定范围内的所有财产上设定的担保,例如浮动抵押〔floating charge〕。此外,按担保的成立方式还可分为以协议方式成立的担保与根据法律规定而设立的法定担保。该词有时亦指设立担保的物,当事人订立担保的文件,或指提供担保的人,但在表示「保证人」时英语中多采「surety」。
由此可见,guarantee更偏重于指guarantor有关在债务人未履行支付义务时的还款保证,而security则常常会有担保物进行担保。
此外,guarantee and indemnity这一搭配同时出现时,这里的indemnity赔偿其实指的也是保证,即赔偿保证。
以下为相关双语示例,供参考:
17.1Guarantee and indemnity
Each Guarantor irrevocably and unconditionally jointly and severally:
(a)guarantees to each Finance Party punctual performance by the Borrower of all the Borrower's obligations under the Finance Documents;
(b)undertakes with each Finance Party that whenever the Borrower does not pay any amount when due under or in connection with any Finance Document, that Guarantor shall immediately on demand pay that amount as if it was the principal obligor; and
(c)agrees with each Finance Party that if any obligation guaranteed by it is or becomes unenforceable, invalid or illegal, it will, as an independent and primary obligation, indemnify that Finance Party immediately on demand against any cost, loss or liability it incurs as a result of the Borrower not paying any amount which would, but for such unenforceability, invalidity or illegality, have been payable by it under any Finance Document on the date when it would have been due. The amount payable by a Guarantor under this indemnity will not exceed the amount it would have had to pay under this Clause 17 if the amount claimed had been recoverable on the basis of a guarantee.
保证及赔偿保证
各保证人不可撤回及无条件地:
(a)向各融资方连带保证借款人依时履行借款人在融资文件项下的所有责任;
(b)连带向各融资方承诺,在任何时间倘若借款人未有支付任何融资文件项下或与之有关的到期款项,保证人须应要求立即支付该有关款项,犹如保证人乃主要债务人;及
(c)与各融资方协定,倘若任何受其保证的责任属于或成为不可强制执行、无效或不合法,则保证人(作为保证人的一项独立和主要责任)须就该融资方因借款人(如非由于上述不可强制执行、无效或不合法)未有支付借款人根据任何融资文件在原应到期的日期原应支付的任何款项而招致的任何费用、损失或责任,应该融资方要求立即向该融资方作出赔偿。保证人根据本赔偿保证应予以支付的款项不会高于其若根据本第17条在索赔数额可按保证方式追索的情况下原应予以支付的数额。