Variable cost的中文意思为“变动成本”,支付给各种变动生产要素的费用,如购买原材料及电力消耗费用和工人工资等。这种成本随产量的变化而变化,常常在实际生产过程开始后才需支付。
变动成本与固定成本(fixed cost)一样,变动成本与业务量之间的线性依存关系也是有条件的,即有一定的适用区间,如图中的“相关范围”。也就是说,超出相关范围时,变动成本发生额可能呈非线性变动。
变动成本与固定成本的主要区别为:
一、固定成本是指在一定的范围内不随产品产量或商品流转量变动的那部分成本。
1.固定成本大部分是间接成本,如固定资产的折旧和维护费、办公费等。当产品产量或商品流转量的变动超过一定的范围时,固定费用就会有所增减。所以,固定成本是一个相对固定的概念,我们称之为“相对固定成本”。固定成本是指成本总额在一定时期和一定业务量范围内,不受业务量增减影响而变动。
2.固定成本是不管生不生产都会发生的成本,比如折旧。
二、变动成本是指成本总额随着业务量的变动而成正比例变动的成本。
为了更好的理解该词,以下是其英文释义:A variable cost is a corporate expense that changes in proportion to production output. Variable costs increase or decrease depending on a company's production volume; they rise as production increases and fall as production decreases. Examples of variable costs include the costs of raw materials and packaging. A variable cost can be contrasted with a fixed cost.
双语例句:
The total expenses incurred by any business consist of fixed costs and variable costs. Variable costs are dependent on production output. The variable cost of production is a constant amount per unit produced. As the volume of production and output increases, variable costs will also increase. Conversely, when fewer products are produced, the variable costs associated with production will consequently decrease.
任何业务产生的总支出包括固定成本和变动成本。变动成本取决于生产产量。变动生产成本是每单位生产的恒定数量。随着产量和产出增加,可变成本也将增加。相反,当生产的产品较少时,与生产相关的可变成本将因此减少。
Examples of variable costs are sales commissions, direct labor costs, cost of raw materials used in production, and utility costs. The total variable cost is simply the quantity of output multiplied by the variable cost per unit of output. Variable costs are usually viewed as short-term costs as they can be adjusted quickly.
可变成本的示例包括销售佣金,直接人工成本,生产中使用的原材料成本以及公用通用费用。 总可变成本为产出数量乘以每单位产出的可变成本。可变成本通常被视为短期成本,因为它们可以快速调整。