指示交付(indication delivery或directive delivery)是指标的物由双方以外的第三人实际占有时,转让人将对第三人的返还请求权让与受让人,以代标的物的实际交付。指示交付的当事人有三方,也就是买方、卖方和依法占有的第三方。
指示交付的法律依据是《物权法》第26条,该条规定:动产物权设立和转让前,第三人依法占有该动产的,负有交付义务的人可以通过转让请求第三人返还原物的权利代替交付。指示交付的成立须具备两个条件:(1)是当事人须有转让所有权的合同;(2)是让与人应当将所有权转让的事实通知标的物的实际占有人。
例如:出卖人(卖方)将已经出租的标的物或由他人保管的标的物出卖的,可将对承租人(依法占有的第三方)的租赁物返还请求权或将对保管人、仓储人(依法占有的第三方)的返还请求权让与买受人(买方),以代标的物的实际交付。比较常见的指示交付是将提单、仓单交付给买受人,以代替货物的实际交付,其中交付提单、仓单的情况,又被称为拟制交付。
双语例句:
(1)where the pledgor pledges the property it indirectly possesses, the pledge contract shall be deemed to be delivered upon the written notice being delivered to the possessor. Therefore, it can be considered that the pledgor indirectly possesses the bank’s margin deposit, and the possession transfer occurs by directive delivery, so as to meet the effective requirements of margin pledge.
出质人以间接占有的财产出质的, 质押合同自书面通知送达占有人时视为移交, 据此可认为出质人对于银行的保证金存款构成间接占有, 通过指示交付方式发生占有转移, 从而满足保证金质押的生效要件。
(2)Besides the actual delivery, the author considers that the forms of acquisition by occupancy may include the simple delivery and the indication delivery and the change of possession may not be included in it.
除现实交付外,笔者认为占有取得的形式可以包括简易交付和指示交付,而不包括占有改定。
(3)Directive delivery and actual delivery are two different methods of delivery stipulated in Chinese law. In judicial practice, the method of delivery should be determined according to the actual situation, and the specific delivery behavior should be negotiated by both parties or three parties. To determine that, under normal circumstances, it is necessary to meet the conditions for the establishment of the two delivery methods.
指法交付和现实交付都是我国法律中规定的交付方式中的两种不同方式,在司法实践中,应当根据实际情况来认定交付的方式,在具体的执行交付行为时,应当由双方或者三方协商来认定,一般情况下,需要满足两种交付方式成立的条件才可以。