.“charge”、“Mortgage”、“Pledge”、“Lien”和“Hypothecation”都有将财产作抵押担保的含义,他们之间具体有什么区别啊?

.“charge”、“Mortgage”、“Pledge”、“Lien”和“Hypothecation”都有将财产作抵押担保的含义,他们之间具体有什么区别啊?

被浏览
0

1 个回答

在英美法中,担保(security)包括人的担保(personal security) 和物的担保(real security)两种。其中物的担保可分为三种类型:(1)由债权人取得对担保物的所有权,而不依赖于对物的占有的担保;(2)债权人不享有对担保物的所有权,但依赖于对物的占有的担保;(3)既不依赖取得对物的所有权,也不依赖对物的占有的担保。属于第一类型的担保为mortgage (按揭);属于第二类型的担保有pledge (质押)和lien (留置); 属于第三类型的担保有charge和hypothecation。


charge源于英国法,其释义如下:A legal charge allows a lender to protect the money they have lent to an individual or company. It is a legal document signed by the borrower which is registered against the property at the Land Registry to alert any potential buyer of the existence of the debt. 大概就是说charge是用于保障借钱给借款人的贷款人的利益。借款人违约时,贷款人有权接管财产或依法拍卖,强取财产的收益以清偿欠债。我国法律中并无与charge相同的法律定义,因此一般将其译为抵押或担保,而香港则将其译为押记。经常用于对不动产的担保中。


hypothecation来源于罗马法中的hypotheca,债权人通常不实际占有抵押物或其产权(title);在英美法中,其常用作指海商法中的船只或货物的“抵押”。


mortgage与charge一样,亦多用于不动产的担保中,但与charge不同的是,在mortgage中,由债权人取得对担保物的所有权。在香港被译为“按揭”,指房地产按揭人将其房地产的产权(业权)移转给债权人,作为偿还债务的担保,但实际占有权却仍然为债务人所有。在按揭期间,债权人即成为按揭房地产的产权所有人,如债务人不履行债务或有其他违约行为,债权人可以按按揭房地产所有权人的名义起诉,取消按揭人的回赎权,从而取得按揭房地产的包括占有权在内的绝对产权。在内地则多被译为“抵押”。


pledge为“质押”或“质权”,指动产(包括代表无形财产产权的证券等)的占有权而非所有权因债务担保的转移。


而 lien则为“留置”,多指在商业领域,根据双方协定或尤其是依据法律产生的对货物(goods)的一种担保物权(security interest) ,以迫使对方清偿债务或履行其他义务。


以下为相关双语示例:

The Board may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money for the purposes of the Company, without limit and upon such terms as they may think fit, and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property (both present and future) and uncalled capital, or any part thereof, and to issue bonds, debentures, debenture stock, and, subject to section 57B of the Ordinance, convertible debentures and convertible debenture stock and other securities whether outright or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party. 

董事会可以行使本公司的所有权力,为本公司的目的以他们认为合适的条款作无限额借款,并且抵押或押记本公司的业务、财产(包括现有或将来的财产)和未催缴股本或其任何部分,并且发行债券、公司债券、债权股证及(须该条例第 57B 条的规定)可转换债券和可转换债权股证及不论是直接的或作为本公司或任何第三者的任何负债、债务或债项的抵押品的其他证券。 


Hypothecation guarantee, featuring as its special construction of regulation, takes a great important position in claim guarantee system. 

抵押担保以其独特的制度构造,在债权担保体系中地位至为显赫,是世界各国担保法规定的重要担保方式。


The Board may, in its absolute discretion and without assigning any reason, refuse to register a transfer of any share (not being a fully paid up share) to a person of whom it does not approve, and it may also refuse to register any transfer of any share to more than four joint holders or any transfer of any share (not being a fully paid up share) on which the Company has a lien.

董事会可全权酌情且毋须给予任何理由拒绝登记任何股份(为一股未缴足股份)转让予其不认可的人士,及董事会亦可拒绝登记将任何股份转让予多于四位联名持有人或本公司拥有留置权的股份(为一股未缴足股份)的转让。


To manage, maintain, improve and develop all or any part of the property, land, building or buildings of the Company and to operate or use in conjunction or co-ownership with others, lease, mortgage, underlet, exchange, surrender, sell, turn to account or otherwise deal with and dispose of the same or any part or parts thereof or interest thereon, for such consideration and on such terms and conditions as the Company may think fit, and, in particular, for shares, debentures or securities of any company purchasing or acquiring any interest in the same. 

管理、维护、装修及开发本公司全部或任何部分物业、土地或楼宇,并 联同他人经营或使用或拥有、租赁、按揭、 转租 、交 换、交出、出售、 利用或以其他方式处置及出售以上各项或当中任何部分或权益,有关 代价及条款及条件按本公司认为合适而厘定,尤其是对于购买或收购以上各项任何权益的任何公司的股份、债权证或证券。

参考文献:宋雷:法律术语翻译要略

推荐标签
换一换
推荐专题
换一换
旗渡客服