进行法律文件的中译英时,我们常常遇到这样的词语:“应当符合国家有关规定”、“依照国家有关税收的规定”、“依照国家外汇管理规定”等等中“国家有关规定”,如按字面“形”的含义译出,译成“the relevant state provisions ” 或“ the relevant provisions of the state ”显然不正确,没有把深层含义译出。按照牛津高阶英汉双解词典的定义, provision 〔 C 〕 意为 condition or stipulation in
a legal document , 比如: “根据协议的规定” 可译成: “ under the provisions of the agreement ” 。上面“国家有关规定” 译成“ the relevant state provisions ”, 把国家与法律文件( a legal document )等同起来显然不妥。 那么, “国家有关规定” 应怎么理解才能使译文符合原文的含义?
首先,我们应清楚,“国家法规”应包括两大部分,即由全国人民代表大会发布的法律(laws)和由国务院及国务院有关部门发布的行政法规(regulations)。故“国家有关规定”一般应理解为“国家颁发的有关法律、法规的规定”,译成:“the provisions of the relevant laws and regulations issued by the state ” 。
然而,“国家有关规定”已成了“国家有关部门的规定”的习惯用语,因此,应译成:“ the provisions of the relevant regulations issued by the state ”。这样就把“国家有关规定”的“神似”的含义译出来了。
例1原文:公司名称应符合国家有关规定。
原译文: A company ’ s name shall be in conformity with the relevant provisions of the State.
Notes:
按上面的“重神似” 的原则, 原文“国家有关规定” 应译成: the provisions of the relevant regulations issued by the State 。
参考译文:
A company ’ s name shall be in conformity with the provisions of the relevant regulations issued by the State.
例2原文:“外资企业依照国家有关税收的规定纳税并可以享受减税、免税的优惠待遇。”
原译文:“Enterprises with foreign capital shall pay taxes in accordance with relevant state provisions for tax payment, and may enjoy preferential treatment for reduction of or exemption from taxes. ”
Notes:
除上面提及的“国家有关规定” 译法外, 句子的结构也应调整。
参考译文:
Enterprises with foreign capital shall , in accordance with the provisions of the relevant regulations issued by the State on tax payment , pay taxes and may enjoy preferential treatment for reduction of or exemption from taxes.
例3原文:“外国公司在中华人民共和国境内设立的分支机构的登记,按照国务院的有关规定办理。”
原译文:“The registration of a branch as subsidiary set up by a foreign company within the territory of the People ’ s Republic of China shall be conducted in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council. ”
Notes:
1)公司的分支机构有两类,一是分公司(branch),二是子公司(subsidiary),原文中的“分支机构”是泛指,应理解为包括分公司和子公司,应译成a branch or a subsidiary。
2)原文中的“按照国务院的有关规定办理”不能简单译成“in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council”,这样译法只能定位“重形似”,这里需要对原文进行深层的理解,应理解为“按照国务院有关行政法规的规定办理”,按照我国的法律制度,法律由全国人民代表大会颁发,国务院负责制定行政法规,我们所说的国务院的有关规定,实际上是指“国务院制定颁发的有关行政法规的规定,因此应译成:“ in accordance with the provisions of the relevant administration regulations issued by the State Council. ”
参考译文:
The registration of a branch or a subsidiary set up by a foreign company within the territory of the People’ s Republic of China shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of the relevant administration regulations issued by the State Council.