“矫正正义”和“分配正义”源自亚里士多德的正义观。亚里士多德的正义观把正义分为了分配正义和矫正正义。

矫正正义Corrective justice

矫正正义是在分配正义的规范被违反时发生作用,适度倾斜向弱势方,尽力使不平等的境况向实质平等靠近从而追求实质正义。Corrective justice is a fundamental type of justice, concerned with the reversal of wrongs or the undoing of transactions. Corrective justice also offers powerful insights into tort law, contract law, and unjust enrichment, among other fields.

分配正义Distributive justice

“分配正义”涉及团体对个人的义务，要求公平地在个体之间分配权利与义务，即根据个体的价值与行为，并与他人作比较，以获得相应的权利或义务，避免产生如下结果：平等的人得到不相同的结果，不平等的人得到相同的结果。最具代表性的人物是罗尔斯和诺齐克。罗尔斯认为，所有的社会基本善—— 自由和机会、收入和财富以及自尊的各种基础等—— 都应该被平等地加以分配，除非对其中一些或所有这些基本善的不平等分配，会有利于最少受惠者。Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of an allocation or, more broadly, to how people judge what they receive. It was probably the first type of justice to gain the attention of organizational justice scholars and continues to receive wide attention.

类似的正义还有“交换正义commutative justice”:多见于合同法中，其目的在于使每个人获得应属于他的东西，在交易中达到一种成比例的平等，而且也没有人因他人的损失而成为获益者。即甲方付出A而获得了B，乙方付出了B而获得了A，且A、B价值成比例的平等，这样甲乙通过交易达到了交换正义。

以下为相关示例，供参考：

一是要准确把握司法公平正义作为矫正正义的内在属性，理性认识司法的功能及其限度。国家通过立法实现分配正义，立法对正义的分配，必须基于公平原则，是一种初始的制度性分配。当初始的分配正义面临争议、产生纠纷时，就需要通过司法这种法定的救济程序予以矫正。

First, we should have an accurate understanding of the internal features of judicial fairness and justice as corrective justice, and rationally understand the functions and limits of the judicial system. A country realizes distributive justice through legislation. Distribution in this way is an initial institutional distribution which must be based on the principle of fairness. When the initial distributive justice faces or provokes disputes, the administration of justice is needed to correct it as a statutory remedy procedure.