先来看一下Boeing官网上发布的一篇名为“Preventing Engine Ingestion Injuries When Working Near Airplanes”的文章,其中写道:
“When a jet engine operates, it creates a low-air-pressure area in the inlet. This low-pressure area causes a large quantity of air from the area forward of the inlet cowl to go into the engine. The air that is near the inlet cowl moves at a much higher velocity than air that is farther from the inlet. As a result, the amount of engine suction is small until one nears the inlet, where the suction increases significantly.”
文章大意为:当发动机运转时,进气口处会形成低气压区域,进气整流罩前方区域会有大量空气进入发动机,这时,进气整流罩附近的空气流动速度高于其他区域,若进气口附近出现异物,发动机吸力会明显增强。
实际上,不论飞机是在地面上还是在空中,只要发动机在运转,其附近出现的异物,比如鸟、水,甚至是人,都会被吸入发动机,从而对飞机造成损害。
因而,从上述描述可知,“ingestion losses”应该是指发动机运转时有其它物体被吸入发动机进而造成的损失。
为了验证对“ingestion”的理解是否正确,可以参考《机械科学与技术》期刊上发表的一篇名为“航空发动机吸鸟适航验证关键参数分析方法”的文章,其英文名称为“Analysis Method of Critical Parameters on Aircraft Engines Bird Ingestion Airworthiness Certification”,可见“Bird Ingestion”对应的是“吸鸟”,也就是鸟被吸入发动机撞击叶片。
上述文章明确指出是“Bird Ingestion”,而上述问题只是笼统地提到“ingestion losses”,并未提及发动机吸入何物,所以此处最好处理为“发动机吸入异物造成的损失”。
例句:
1. 原文:The choose method of test speed and aircraft configuration in the water ingestion was obtained by analyzing the civil aircraft water ingestion and combined with certification files, consultation and industry standard.
译文:通过对民用飞机溅水形态进行分析,结合相关适航文件、咨询通告和工业标准,给出了溅水试验中试验速度和飞机构型的选择方法。
2. 原句:The ingestion of such foreign objects as sandstones into aircraft engines can often do damage to the aeroengine blades.
译文:航空发动机叶片常受到被吸入的砂石等外物的撞击而产生损伤。