“Troll”的原意是“怪物”。在这三个短语中均可以译为“投机人”或“流氓”，指以不正当的方式借机获利的人。

patent troll专利流氓、专利投机人

专利投机人，指那些将重心放在对其它公司提起专利诉讼的公司。他们拥有专利，但是从来没想过要实施，仅仅是寻找可能侵犯这些专利的公司，然后向他们表明收取专利使用费的意图或是提起专利侵权诉讼。

其英文释义如下：

In international law and business, patent troll or patent hoarding is a categorical or pejorative term applied to a person or company that attempts to enforce patent rights against accused infringers far beyond the patent's actual value or contribution to the prior art,[1] often through hardball legal tactics (frivolous litigation, vexatious litigation, strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPP), chilling effects, and the like). Patent trolls often do not manufacture products or supply services based upon the patents in question. However, some entities which do not practice their asserted patent may not be considered "patent trolls" when they license their patented technologies on reasonable terms in advance

copyright troll版权流氓

版权流氓虽是舶来品，但并不是一个新鲜事物，通常指代一些非作者的个人或团体，他们通过各种方式聚集版权，一旦发现可疑的侵权行为便向法院主张权利，提起诉讼的主要目的不是遏制非法活动，而是将诉讼作为牟利的工具，以获取赔偿金的方式作为收入来源。

其英文释义如下：

A copyright troll is a party (person or company) that enforces copyrights it owns for purposes of making money through strategic litigation, in a manner considered unduly aggressive or opportunistic, sometimes while without producing or licensing the works it owns for paid distribution. Critics object to the activity because they believe it does not encourage the production of creative works, but instead makes money through the inequities and unintended consequences of high statutory damages provisions in copyright laws intended to encourage creation of such works

trademark troll商标流氓

恶意囤积、抢注商标的行为被称作商标流氓。

其英文释义如下：

Trademark troll is a pejorative term for any entity that attempts to register a trademark without intending to use it and who then threatens to sue others who use that mark. As a traditional troll is said to collect a toll from those trying to cross a bridge, a trademark troll "magically appears when an unsuspecting producer adopts the same or similar mark and poses upon them two choices: pay to get a license to use my mark or litigate".

以下为相关双语示例，供参考：

Adam Carolla, one of the most popular podcasters in the US, is sued by a patent troll. The story goes viral. Across the country, state Attorneys General are using consumer protection laws to guard their small businesses from predacious patent trolls. And here is something previously unthinkable: the President of the United States, in the 2014 State of the Union address, urged Congress to “pass a patent reform bill that allows our businesses to stay focused on innovation, not costly and needless litigation.”

Adam Carolla，美国最受欢迎的博客之一，受到了一名专利流氓的起诉。这一事件迅速传播。在全国范围内，国家总检察长正使用消费者保护法律保护小型企业免受恶意专利流氓的侵害。这在以前是令人无法想象的事情：美国总统在2014年国情咨文中敦促国会“通过一项专利改革法案，让企业专注于创新，而非费用高昂且不必要的诉讼”。