增量成本
在各种方案的成本比较决策时,当选定某一方案为基本方案,然后将其他方案与之相比较时所增加的成本。即两个方案之间的成本差额,是差量成本的一种表现形式。
增量成本的英文为“incremental cost”,其英文释义如下:
Incremental cost is the total cost incurred due to an additional unit of product being produced. Incremental cost is calculated by analyzing the additional expenses involved in the production process, such as raw materials, for one additional unit of production. Understanding incremental costs can help companies boost production efficiency and profitability.
增量成本有时也与边际成本相混淆,两者的主要区别在于,边际成本主要是按单位产品的增加来计算的,而增量成本则主要是按总产量的增加来计算的。
差量成本
差量成本也称差别成本、差等成本,是指两个方案的预计成本差异。在进行成本决策时,由于各个方案预计发生的成本不同,就产生了成本的差异。差量成本是进行成本决策的重要依据。
差量成本是管理会计中研究短期决策时常用的一种分析方法,可供选择的不同方案之间的成本差额称为差量成本或差别成本。
差量成本是一个备选方案的预期成本与另一个备选方案的预期成本的差额。
如果差量收入大于差量成本,即差量损益为正数,则前一个方案是较优的;反之,如差量收入小于差量成本,即差量损益为负数,则后一个方案是较优的。
差量成本的英文为“differential cost”,其英文释义如下:
Differential cost is the difference between the cost of two alternative decisions, or of a change in output levels. The concept is used when there are multiple possible options to pursue, and a choice must be made to select one option and drop the others. The concept can be particularly useful in step costing situations, where producing one additional unit of output may require a substantial additional cost.
以下为相关双语示例,供参考:
The increase was primarily due to higher average debt levels and, to a lesser extent, the incremental cost impact of a higher long term, fixed rate funding mix.
这主要是由于较高的平均债务水平,其次是由于较高的长期、固定利率资金组合的递增成本影响。
Calculation of the incremental cost for foam machines nearing the end of their useful life should be based on the cost of [...] a new machine, minus the cost of a replacement ODS-technology machine, or a proportion thereof calculated according to decision 18/25.
计算使用年限快要结束的泡沫塑料机器的增支成本应以新机器减去替换消耗臭氧层物质技术机器的成本,或根据第18/25号决定所计算的比例为基础。