当然退伙,是指发生了某种客观情况而导致的退伙,是合伙人自己没有打算要退伙,但是由于法律规定的事由出现,不得不退伙。
根据合伙企业法第48条规定,当然退伙的客观情况有:
①作为合伙人的自然人死亡或者被依法宣告死亡;
②个人丧失偿债能力;
③作为合伙人的法人或者其他组织依法被吊销营业执照、责令关闭、撤销,或者被宣告破产;
④法律规定或者合伙协议约定合伙人必须具有相关资格而丧失该资格;
⑤合伙人在合伙企业中的全部财产份额被人民法院强制执行。
如果作为合伙人的自然人被依法认定为无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力人的,并不必然导致退伙。此种情形下,若经其他合伙人一致同意,该合伙人可以依法转为有限合伙人,普通合伙企业依法转为有限合伙企业。但是,如果未能取得其他合伙人的一致同意,则该合伙人退伙。
至于“当然退伙”的英文表达,查到了2种:
A. withdraw naturally from the partnership
B. ex Officio Retirement
具体可参考北大法律英文网对该法条的翻译和元照英美法词典给出的相关释义:
Article 48 Where any partner is under any of the following circumstances, the said partner shall be deemed to have withdrawn naturally from the partnership:
第四十八条 合伙人有下列情形之一的,当然退伙:
(1) A natural person partner is deceased or declared deceased according to law;
(一)作为合伙人的自然人死亡或者被依法宣告死亡;
(2)It (he) is insolvent;
(二)个人丧失偿债能力;
(3)A partner as a legal person or any other organization whose business license is revoked, or who is ordered to close up for revocation, or who is declared bankrupt;
(三)作为合伙人的法人或者其他组织依法被吊销营业执照、责令关闭、撤销,或者被宣告破产;
(4) A partner loses the relevant qualifications as required by law or as stipulated in the partnership agreement; or
(四)法律规定或者合伙协议约定合伙人必须具有相关资格而丧失该资格;
(5) A partner's entire property share in the partnership business has been executed by the people's court.
For a partner who is determined as a person without civil capacity or with limited civil capacity according to law, he may be changed into a limited partner upon unanimous consent of the other parties and the general partnership enterprise shall be changed into a limited partnership enterprise in pursuance of law. For failure of unanimous consent of the other partners, this partner without civil capacity or with limited civil capacity shall withdraw from the partnership.
The withdrawal from partnership shall be take effect on the date when it is actually made.
(五)合伙人在合伙企业中的全部财产份额被人民法院强制执行。
合伙人被依法认定为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人的,经其他合伙人一致同意,可以依法转为有限合伙人,普通合伙企业依法转为有限合伙企业。其他合伙人未能一致同意的,该无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的合伙人退伙。
退伙事由实际发生之日为退伙生效日。
(来源:北大法律英文网https://www.lawinfochina.com/display.aspx?id=5428&lib=law)
ex officio:依职权
〈拉〉
1仅依所据官职而无需另外授权即能产生相应结果。如御前大臣〔Lord Chancellor〕依职权当然为上诉法院〔Court of Appeal〕法官和高等法院衡平庭庭长〔President of the Chancery Division of the High Court〕,高等法院首席大法官〔Lord Chief Justice〕依职权为上诉法院法官;2指官员所行使的权力不是特别授权给他的,而必然是他的职位所固有的。这种权力,就是「依职权」而行使的权力。
(来源:元照英美法词典)
供参考。