“罪刑相适应原则”和“刑罚个别化原则”都属于刑法的基本原则，两者有着极为密切的联系。罪刑相适应原则与刑罚一般预防紧密相联，刑罚个别化原则与刑罚特殊预防紧密相联，二者相互联系，相互区别，不可偏废。

“罪刑相适应原则”

这一原则指的是刑罚的轻重取决于犯罪社会危害性的大小，犯罪社会危害性的大小决定刑罚的轻重。《中华人民共和国刑法》第五条体现了这一原则：

第五条 刑罚的轻重，应当与犯罪分子所犯罪行和承担的刑事责任相适应。

Article 5.  The severity of punishments must be commensurate with the crime committed by an offender and the criminal responsibility he bears.

其英文表达一般为“principle of suiting punishment to crime”：

如：

罪刑相适应原则是司法实践中的一项重要原则，其意义在于使罪、责、刑三者相适应，以达到处罚和教育的双重目的。

The principle of suiting punishment to crime is an important principle in the justice, which means to balance the crime and punishment to reach the aim of punishment and education.

此外，“罪刑相适应原则”其实体现的也是罚当其罪、刑罪相称等概念，这些概念可以译为let the punishment fit crime，具体可根据语境进行词性变换。

“刑罚个别化原则”是“罪刑相适应原则”的对称。具体适用刑罚时，要根据犯罪人人身危险性的强弱与特点，适用轻重不同的刑罚，以期教育改造罪犯，实现刑罚特殊预防的目的。现代刑法的一项基本原则。

“刑罚个别化原则”则可用“the principle of individualization of punishment”或“the principle of proportionality”来处理（The individualization of punishment implies finding the balance between the gravity of the crime and the personality of the criminal, on one hand, and the punishment that will be applied, on the other hand. The governing principle of this procedure is, undoubtedly, the principle of proportionality.）

如：

法官在对犯罪人裁量刑罚时，除了决定于犯罪个案的特殊性以及刑罚个别化原则之外，还要受到犯罪的时间、空间以及其他主客观多种因素的影响和制约。例如，两个相同性质的犯罪，在不同的时间和不同的地点实施，其危害后果就可能不尽相同。

Judges are influenced and restricted by many subjective and objective factors such as the time and space of crime in addition to the particularity of individual cases and the principle of individualization of punishment when deciding on the punishment.